Initial frequency of alleles for resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in 
field populations of Heliothis virescens

Gould, F.; Anderson, A.; Jones, A.; Sumerford, D.; Heckel, D. G.; Lopez, J.; Micinski, S.; Leonard, R.; Laster, M.

doi:10.1073/pnas.94.8.3519

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Initial frequency of alleles for resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in field populations of Heliothis virescens

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Heckel, D. G.
Department of Entomology, MPI for Chemical Ecology, Max Planck Society;

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC20471/
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Citation

Gould, F., Anderson, A., Jones, A., Sumerford, D., Heckel, D. G., Lopez, J., et al. (1997). Initial frequency of alleles for resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in field populations of Heliothis virescens. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 94(8), 3519-3523. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.8.3519.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0012-A9D5-0

Abstract

The risk of rapid pest adaptation to an insecticide is highly dependent on the initial frequency of resistance alleles in field populations. Because we have lacked empirical estimates of these frequencies, population-genetic models of resistance evoluti