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Editorial: Function and regulation of chemoreceptors

MPG-Autoren
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Wicher,  Dieter
Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Prof. B. S. Hansson, MPI for Chemical Ecology, Max Planck Society;

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Wicher, D., & Marion-Poll, F. (2018). Editorial: Function and regulation of chemoreceptors. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 12: 496. doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00496.


Zusammenfassung
To perceive environmental chemical compounds and to convert these external signals into an intracellular message might be the oldest way for a living being—from unicellular organisms to mammals—to get information from the outside world. The chemoreceptors are the first to receive an environmental signal and to convert it into message that can be interpreted and further processed in the organism. They are usually situated at the interface between organism and environment, in case multicellular organisms have developed specialized sensory organs, the receptors are localized at the dendrites of the chemosensory neurons. Chemoreceptors are proteins or protein complexes that bind molecules detected at distance and generally at low concentration (olfaction) or molecules detected at proximity and often at higher concentrations (gustation), respectively volatile and not volatile for organisms living in the aerial phase. Chemosensory systems are often highly sophisticated and allow the detection of a few molecules. The resolutions limits set by the noise of the chemosignals and quantified by the Berg-Purcel limit (Kaizu et al., 2014). According to this estimation, the resolution can be enhanced by increasing the receptive surface and expanding the detection time. Male moths, for example, have expanded antennae allowing them to detect extremely low pheromone concentrations (Hansson and Stensmyr, 2011).