Lithiation and delithiation mechanisms of gold thin film model anodes for 
lithium ion batteries: Electrochemical characterization

Bach, Philipp Johannes; Stratmann, Martin; Valencia-Jaime, Irais; Romero, Aldo Humberto; Renner, Frank Uwe

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2015.02.184

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Lithiation and delithiation mechanisms of gold thin film model anodes for lithium ion batteries: Electrochemical characterization

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Bach, Philipp Johannes
Applied and Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Universiteit Hasselt, Belgium;
Center for Electrochemical Sciences - CES, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, Germany;
Interface Structures and High-Temperature Reactions, Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max Planck Society;

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Stratmann, Martin
Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max Planck Society;
Center for Electrochemical Sciences — CES, Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany;

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Renner, Frank Uwe
Interface Structures and High-Temperture Reactions, Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max Planck Society;
Associated Lab IMEC Division IMOMEC, Diepenbeek, Belgium;

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Citation

Bach, P. J., Stratmann, M., Valencia-Jaime, I., Romero, A. H., & Renner, F. U. (2015). Lithiation and delithiation mechanisms of gold thin film model anodes for lithium ion batteries: Electrochemical characterization. Electrochimica Acta, 164, 81-89. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2015.02.184.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0001-BBB7-E

Abstract

Lithium Ion batteries have to be significantly improved to fulfill the challenging needs in electromobility or large scale energy storage technology. In this context the use of model electrodes such as single-crystals or thin films allows well-defined mechanistic studies. Here we present a detailed electrochemical investigation of the lithiation-delithiation behavior of Au thin film model electrodes in ionic liquid electrolyte. Cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic-, stepwise potentiostatic lithiation-delithiation cycles, as well as galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, GITT, measurements were performed. We found nearly identical mechanism of Li insertion and extraction in these three types of measurements at different current levels. The mechanism of alloying or lithiation deviated from the mechanism of dealloying or delithiation. While during the lithiation process two main plateaus related to phase transformations occur in the potential-time curves three main plateaus appear during delithiation. First results of theoretical simulations confirm a high number of possible metastable phases in the Li-Au system. The measurements also point to the influence of SEI-film formation on the cycling behavior. Based on these insights a mechanistic sequence and a phase evolution diagram for the electrochemical alloying of Li with Au are presented. © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.