Developments in the MPI-M Earth System Model version 1.2 (MPI-ESM1.2) and its 
response to increasing CO2

Mauritsen, Thorsten; Bader, Juergen; Becker, Tobias; Behrens, Jörg; Bittner, Matthias; Brokopf, Renate; Brovkin, Victor; Claussen, Martin; Crueger, Traute; Esch, Monika; Fast, Irina; Fiedler, Stephanie; Popke, Dagmar; Gayler, Veronika; Giorgetta, Marco A.; Goll, Daniel S.; Haak, Helmut; Hagemann, Stefan; Hedemann, Christopher; Hohenegger, Cathy; Ilyina, Tatiana; Jahns, Thomas; Jimenez Cuesta de la Otero, Diego; Jungclaus, Johann H.; Kleinen, Thomas; Kloster, Silvia; Kracher, Daniela; Kinne, Stefan; Kleberg, Deike; Lasslop, Gitta; Kornblueh, Luis; Marotzke, Jochem; Matei, Daniela; Meraner, Katharina; Mikolajewicz, Uwe; Modali, Kameswarrao; Möbis, Benjamin; Müller, Wolfgang A.; Nabel, Julia E. M. S.; Nam, Christine; Notz, Dirk; Nyawira, Sarah S.; Paulsen, Hanna; Peters, Karsten; Pincus, Robert; Pohlmann, Holger; Pongratz, Julia; Popp, Max; Raddatz, Thomas; Rast, Sebastian; Redler, Rene; Reick, Christian H.; Rohrschneider, Tim; Schemann, Vera; Schmidt, Hauke; Schnur, Reiner; Schulzweida, Uwe; Six, Katharina D.; Stein, Lukas; Stemmler, Irene; Stevens, Bjorn; von Storch, Jin Song; Tian, Fangxing; Voigt, Aiko; de Vrese, Philipp; Wieners, Karl-Hermann; Wilkenskjeld, Stiig; Roeckner, Erich; Winkler, Alexander

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Journal Article

Developments in the MPI-M Earth System Model version 1.2 (MPI-ESM1.2) and its response to increasing CO2

MPS-Authors

/persons/resource/persons37260

Mauritsen, Thorsten
Climate Dynamics, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37088

Bader, Juergen
Director’s Research Group LES, The Land in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons133201

Becker, Tobias
Hans Ertel Research Group Clouds and Convection, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons104675

Bittner, Matthias
Director’s Research Group OES, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37112

Brokopf, Renate
Climate Modelling, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37113

Brovkin, Victor
Climate-Biogeosphere Interaction, The Land in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37123

Claussen, Martin
Director’s Research Group LES, The Land in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37126

Crueger, Traute
Climate Dynamics, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37141

Esch, Monika
Climate Modelling, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons173749

Fiedler, Stephanie
Climate Dynamics, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons181416

Popke, Dagmar
Director’s Research Group AES, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37153

Gayler, Veronika
Climate-Biogeosphere Interaction, The Land in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37156

Giorgetta, Marco A.
Climate Modelling, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37167

Haak, Helmut
Director’s Research Group OES, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

Hagemann, Stefan
MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons204707

Hedemann, Christopher
Director’s Research Group OES, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons59492

Hohenegger, Cathy
Hans Ertel Research Group Clouds and Convection, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37188

Ilyina, Tatiana
Ocean Biogeochemistry, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

Jimenez Cuesta de la Otero, Diego
Climate Dynamics, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;
IMPRS on Earth System Modelling, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37193

Jungclaus, Johann H.
Director’s Research Group OES, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37205

Kleinen, Thomas
Climate-Biogeosphere Interaction, The Land in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37207

Kloster, Silvia
Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Fire in the Earth System, The Land in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons199861

Kracher, Daniela
Global Vegetation Modelling, The Land in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37202

Kinne, Stefan
Observations and Process Studies, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons62455

Lasslop, Gitta
Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Fire in the Earth System, The Land in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37214

Kornblueh, Luis
Computational Infrastructure and Model Devlopment (CIMD), Scientific Computing Lab (ScLab), MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37256

Marotzke, Jochem
Director’s Research Group OES, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37258

Matei, Daniela
Director’s Research Group OES, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons188622

Meraner, Katharina
Middle and Upper Atmosphere, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37265

Mikolajewicz, Uwe
Ocean Physics, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons211378

Modali, Kameswarrao
Decadal Climate Predictions - MiKlip, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons26063

Möbis, Benjamin
Climate Dynamics, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37272

Müller, Wolfgang A.
Decadal Climate Predictions - MiKlip, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons180452

Nabel, Julia E. M. S.
Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Forest Management in the Earth System, The Land in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37277

Nam, Christine
Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Cloud-Climate Feedbacks, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37281

Notz, Dirk
Max Planck Research Group The Sea Ice in the Earth System, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons196606

Paulsen, Hanna
Ocean Biogeochemistry, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37295

Pohlmann, Holger
Decadal Climate Predictions - MiKlip, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37296

Pongratz, Julia
Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Forest Management in the Earth System, The Land in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37299

Raddatz, Thomas
Global Vegetation Modelling, The Land in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37300

Rast, Sebastian
Middle and Upper Atmosphere, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37303

Redler, Rene
Computational Infrastructure and Model Devlopment (CIMD), Scientific Computing Lab (ScLab), MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37304

Reick, Christian H.
Global Vegetation Modelling, The Land in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

Rohrschneider, Tim
IMPRS on Earth System Modelling, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37320

Schmidt, Hauke
Middle and Upper Atmosphere, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37322

Schnur, Reiner
Global Vegetation Modelling, The Land in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37326

Schulzweida, Uwe
Computational Infrastructure and Model Devlopment (CIMD), Scientific Computing Lab (ScLab), MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37340

Six, Katharina D.
Ocean Biogeochemistry, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

Stein, Lukas
Climate Dynamics, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37346

Stemmler, Irene
Ocean Biogeochemistry, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37347

Stevens, Bjorn
Director’s Research Group AES, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37369

von Storch, Jin Song
Ocean Statistics, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons180975

de Vrese, Philipp
MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons96231

Wieners, Karl-Hermann
Computational Infrastructure and Model Devlopment (CIMD), Scientific Computing Lab (ScLab), MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons134756

Wilkenskjeld, Stiig
Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Fire in the Earth System, The Land in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37308

Roeckner, Erich
Climate Modelling, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206006

Winkler, Alexander
Climate-Biogeosphere Interaction, The Land in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;
IMPRS on Earth System Modelling, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Mauritsen, T., Bader, J., Becker, T., Behrens, J., Bittner, M., Brokopf, R., et al. (submitted). Developments in the MPI-M Earth System Model version 1.2 (MPI-ESM1.2) and its response to increasing CO2.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0001-6FDB-D

Abstract

A new release of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Earth System Model (MPI-ESM1.2) is presented. The development focused on correcting errors in and improving the physical processes representation, as well as improving the computational performance, versatility and overall user friendliness. In addition to new radiation- and aerosol parameterizations of the atmosphere, several relatively large, but partly compensating, coding errors in the model’s cloud, convection and turbulence parameterizations were corrected such that the atmospheric physics now conserve energy. Likewise, a coding error in the parameterization of fractional cloud cover, causing earlier versions of the model to have primarily zero or unity cloud fractions, was corrected. The representation of land processes was reﬁned by introducing a multi-layer soil hydrology scheme, extending the land biogeochemistry to include the nitrogen cycle, replacing the soil and litter decomposition model, and improving the representation of wildﬁres. The oceanbiogeochemistry now represents cyanobacteria prognostically in order to capture the response of nitrogen ﬁxation to changing climate conditions, and further includes improved detritus settling and numerous other reﬁnements. Updated boundary conditions were implemented in order to participate in the sixth phase of the coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP6), and the model has been tuned and spun up to yield a stable pre-industrial climate. We inspect a ﬁrst set of model simulations, verifying a close match to the observed mean state and instrumental record warming. We ﬁnd that the model has a climate sensitivity to a doubling of CO2 over pre-industrial conditions of 2.77 K with a highly non-linear global mean response to increasing CO2 forcing, which nonetheless can be represented by a simple two-layer model.