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Experimental demonstration of negative-valued polarization quasiprobability distribution

MPG-Autoren
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Spasibko,  K. Yu.
Optical Technologies, Technology Development and Service Units, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max Planck Society;
Quantum Radiation, Leuchs Division, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max Planck Society;

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Chekhova,  M. V.
Quantum Radiation, Leuchs Division, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max Planck Society;
Chekhova Research Group, Research Groups, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max Planck Society;
Optical Technologies, Technology Development and Service Units, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max Planck Society;

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Zitation

Spasibko, K. Y., Chekhova, M. V., & Khalili, F. Y. (2017). Experimental demonstration of negative-valued polarization quasiprobability distribution. PHYSICAL REVIEW A, 96(2): 023822. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.96.023822.


Zitierlink: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0000-806E-4
Zusammenfassung
Polarization quasiprobability distribution defined in the Stokes space shares many important properties with the Wigner function for position and momentum. Most notably, they both give correct one-dimensional marginal probability distributions and therefore represent the natural choice for the probability distributions in classical hidden-variable models. In this context, negativity of the Wigner function is considered as proof of nonclassicality for a quantum state. On the contrary, the polarization quasiprobability distribution demonstrates negativity for all quantum states. This feature comes from the discrete nature of Stokes variables; however, it was not observed in previous experiments, because they were performed with photon-number averaging detectors. Here we reconstruct the polarization quasiprobability distribution of a coherent state with photon-number resolving detectors, which allows us to directly observe for the first time its negativity. Furthermore we derive a theoretical polarization quasiprobability distribution for any linearly polarized quantum state.