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African volcanic emissions influencing atmospheric aerosol particles over the Amazon rain forest

MPG-Autoren
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Saturno,  Jorge
Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Ditas,  F.
Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Penning de Vries,  M.
Satellite Remote Sensing, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Holanda,  B. A.
Multiphase Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Pöhlker,  M. L.
Multiphase Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Walter,  David
Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Bobrowski,  N.
Satellite Remote Sensing, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Hrabe de Angelis,  Isabella
Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Moran-Zuloaga,  Daniel
Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Schneider,  J.
Particle Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Schulz,  Christiane
Particle Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Wagner,  Thomas
Satellite Remote Sensing, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Pöschl,  Ulrich
Multiphase Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Andreae,  Meinrat O.
Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Pöhlker,  Christopher
Multiphase Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Zitation

Saturno, J., Ditas, F., Penning de Vries, M., Holanda, B. A., Pöhlker, M. L., Carbone, S., et al. (2017). African volcanic emissions influencing atmospheric aerosol particles over the Amazon rain forest. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 17. doi:10.5194/acp-2017-1152.


Zitierlink: https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002E-8FF5-B
Zusammenfassung
Long-range transport (LRT) plays an important role in the Amazon rain forest by bringing in different primary and secondary aerosol particles from distant sources. The atmospheric oxidation of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), emitted from marine plankton, is considered an important sulfate source over the Amazon rain forest, with a lesser contribution from terrestrial soil and vegetation sulfur emissions. Volcanic sulfur emissions from Africa could be a source of particulate sulfate to the Amazonian atmosphere upon transatlantic transport but no observations have been published. By using satellite observations, together with ground‑based and airborne aerosol particle observations, this paper provides evidence of the influence that volcanic emissions have on the aerosol properties that have been observed in central Amazonia. Under the volcanic influence, sulfate mass concentrations reached up to 3.6 µg m−3 (hourly mean) at ground level, the highest value ever reported in the Amazon region. The hygroscopicity parameter was higher than the characteristic dry-season average, reaching a maximum of 0.36 for accumulation mode aerosol particles. Airborne measurements and satellite data indicated the transport of two different volcanic plumes reaching the Amazon Basin in September 2014 with a sulfate-enhanced layer at an altitude between 4 and 5 km. These observations show that remote volcanic sources can episodically affect the aerosol cycling over the Amazon rain forest and perturb the background conditions. Further studies should address the long-term effect of volcanogenic aerosol particles over the Amazon Basin by running long-term and intensive field measurements in the Amazon region and by monitoring African emissions and their transatlantic transport.