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Thermophilic archaea activate butane via alkyl-coenzyme M formation

MPG-Autoren
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Laso-Perez,  R.
HGF MPG Joint Research Group for Deep Sea Ecology & Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

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Wegener,  G.
HGF MPG Joint Research Group for Deep Sea Ecology & Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

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Knittel,  K.
Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

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Widdel,  F.
Department of Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

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Harding,  K.
Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

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Krukenberg,  V.
HGF MPG Joint Research Group for Deep Sea Ecology & Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

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Meier,  D.
Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

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Richter,  M.
Microbial Genomics Group, Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

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Tegetmeyer,  H.
HGF MPG Joint Research Group for Deep Sea Ecology & Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

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Musat,  F.
Department of Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

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Zitation

Laso-Perez, R., Wegener, G., Knittel, K., Widdel, F., Harding, K., Krukenberg, V., et al. (2016). Thermophilic archaea activate butane via alkyl-coenzyme M formation. Nature, 539(7629): 1, pp. 396-401.


Zusammenfassung
The anaerobic formation and oxidation of methane involve unique enzymatic mechanisms and cofactors, all of which are believed to be specific for C-1-compounds. Here we show that an anaerobic thermophilic enrichment culture composed of dense consortia of archaea and bacteria apparently uses partly similar pathways to oxidize the C-4 hydrocarbon butane. The archaea, proposed genus Candidatus Syntrophoarchaeum', show the characteristic autofluorescence of methanogens, and contain highly expressed genes encoding enzymes similar to methyl-coenzyme M reductase. We detect butyl-coenzyme M, indicating archaeal butane activation analogous to the first step in anaerobic methane oxidation. In addition, Ca. Syntrophoarchaeum expresses the genes encoding beta-oxidation enzymes, carbon monoxide dehydrogenase and reversible C-1 methanogenesis enzymes. This allows for the complete oxidation of butane. Reducing equivalents are seemingly channelled to HotSeep-1, a thermophilic sulfate-reducing partner bacterium known from the anaerobic oxidation of methane. Genes encoding 16S rRNA and methyl-coenzyme M reductase similar to those identifying Ca. Syntrophoarchaeum were repeatedly retrieved from marine subsurface sediments, suggesting that the presented activation mechanism is naturally widespread in the anaerobic oxidation of short-chain hydrocarbons.