Brain Autoimmunity and Intestinal Microbiota: 100 Trillion Game Changers

Wekerle, Hartmut

doi:10.1016/j.it.2017.03.008

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Brain Autoimmunity and Intestinal Microbiota: 100 Trillion Game Changers

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Wekerle, Hartmut
Emeritus Group: Neuroimmunology / Wekerle, MPI of Neurobiology, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Wekerle, H. (2017). Brain Autoimmunity and Intestinal Microbiota: 100 Trillion Game Changers. Trends in Immunology, 38(7), 483-497. doi:10.1016/j.it.2017.03.008.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002D-A4B5-A

Abstract

T cells play a critical role in autoimmune diseases in the brain, particularly in multiple sclerosis (MS). Since T cells are normally prevented from crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), autoimmunity requires prior activation of naturally occurring autoreactive T cells in peripheral tissue. Recently, a critical role for the microbiota in this activation process has emerged. Here, we review the role of gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) as a major site for the phenotypic changes that allow the migration of autoreactive T cells to the brain. Additionally, we examine the involvement of the microbiota in clinical MS as well as other brain disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), stroke, and psychiatric disorders.