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Theorizing Command-and-Commodify Regulation: The Case of Species Conservation Banking in the United States

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Rea,  Christopher
Projekte von Gastwissenschaftlern und Postdoc-Stipendiaten, MPI for the Study of Societies, Max Planck Society;
Department of Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA;

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Citation

Rea, C. (2017). Theorizing Command-and-Commodify Regulation: The Case of Species Conservation Banking in the United States. Theory and Society, 46(1), 21-56. doi:10.1007/s11186-017-9283-5.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002D-2963-0
Abstract
State-directed but market-oriented forms of regulation, especially environmental examples like cap-and-trade and ecological offsetting, have proliferated in the past two decades, but sociologists have been slow to theorize these broad institutional shifts. This article offers a framework for explaining these processes of regulatory marketization. First, I argue that institutions of this sort are examples of what I call command-and-commodify regulation, a mode of regulation that distinctively hybridizes economic and authoritative dimensions of power. Second, I explain how and why one example of command-and-commodify regulation, species conservation banking, emerged and remained concentrated in California, but did not so easily develop in other American states. Finally, abstracting from the case, I argue that the concept of market reconstruction is useful for developing a more general theory of the ways that social conflicts and mobilization reconfigure regulatory power and thus give rise to new modes of regulation. Together, a theory of command-and-commodify regulation and market reconstruction may be useful for explaining the development of a wide variety of environmentally focused and other regulatory institutions.