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Poster

Behavioral and neural correlates of bilingual language switching in virtual reality

MPG-Autoren
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Peeters,  David
Neurobiology of Language Department, MPI for Psycholinguistics, Max Planck Society, Nijmegen, NL;

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Zitation

Peeters, D. (2016). Behavioral and neural correlates of bilingual language switching in virtual reality. Poster presented at the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Society for the Neurobiology of Language, London.


Zitierlink: https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002B-0B30-8
Zusammenfassung
In everyday life bilinguals often switch between their languages as a function of the language background of their interlocutor. A conversation with a colleague in one's second language (L2) may, for instance, be followed by a phone call with a friend in one's native language (L1). The neurocognitive mechanisms supporting such bilingual language switching capacities have traditionally often been studied using cued-picture naming paradigms: participants named pictures that appeared on a computer screen in either their first or their second language as a function of the background color of the screen. Recently this cued-picture naming paradigm has been criticized for being unnatural, not reflecting everyday out-of-the-lab language switching. We made use of recent advances in virtual reality technology to overcome this limitation by investigating bilingual language switching in a contextually rich, ecologically valid setting while maintaining experimental control. Three separate picture naming experiments were carried out with TrialType (switch, non-switch) and Language (Dutch, English) as independent variables in a 2x2 design. In each experiment, 24 different Dutch-English late bilingual participants from the same student population named pictures in their L1 Dutch or their L2 English. Experiment 1 was a baseline experiment using the traditional cued-picture naming paradigm. In Experiments 2 and 3, participants named pictures for two virtual agents in a virtual environment that was rendered via a head-mounted display, creating a fully immersive virtual experience. Before the start of these two experiments, one virtual agent indicated in Dutch that she only understood Dutch, and the other indicated in English that she only understood English. The virtual agents sat behind a virtual monitor on which pictures appeared that participants named in Dutch or English as a function of the virtual agent that looked at them at picture onset. The physical appearance of the virtual agents in relation to their language identity (Dutch or English), and their position behind the virtual monitor (left vs. right) were fully counterbalanced across participants. In Experiment 3 participants' electrocencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Linear mixed effects regression models of the picture naming latencies revealed similar symmetrical switch costs in all three Experiments. Switching languages led to significantly slower reaction times than not switching languages, but adding the interaction term (TrialType x Language) to the model did not improve the model fit. Data-driven cluster-based permutation tests on the EEG data collected in Experiment 3, time-locked to picture onset, revealed a more negative ERP wave for switch compared to non-switch trials, which was most pronounced between 540 ms and 700 ms after picture onset, reflecting a language-independent neural marker of language switching preceding speech onset. Similar to the behavioral data, no interaction with Language was found. These results confirm the ecological validity of the cued-picture naming paradigm to study bilingual language switching and open up a wide range of possibilities to use virtual reality technology in the study of language production and comprehension in bilingual and other communicative settings.