アイテム詳細

要旨

Species diversity promotes the delivery of multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality). However, the relative functional importance of rare and common species in driving the biodiversity–multifunctionality relationship remains unknown. We studied the relationship between the diversity of rare and common species (according to their local abundances and across nine different trophic groups), and multifunctionality indices derived from 14 ecosystem functions on 150 grasslands across a landuse intensity (LUI) gradient. The diversity of above- and below-ground rare species had opposite effects, with rare above-ground species being associated with high levels of multifunctionality, probably because their effects on different functions did not trade off against each other. Conversely, common species were only related to average, not high, levels of multifunctionality, and their functional effects declined with LUI. Apart from the communitylevel effects of diversity, we found significant positive associations between the abundance of individual species and multifunctionality in 6% of the species tested. Speciesspecific functional effects were best predicted by their response to LUI: species that declined in abundance with land use intensification were those associated with higher levels ofmultifunctionality. Our results highlight the importance of rare species for ecosystem multifunctionality and help guiding future conservation priorities.