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Deficient approaches to human neuroimaging

MPS-Authors
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Stelzer,  Johannes
Department Neurophysics, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society;
Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark;

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Lohmann,  Gabriele
Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;
Department High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Society;

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Mueller,  Karsten
Methods and Development Unit Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society;

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Buschmann,  Tilo
Department Neurophysics, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society;
Department of Diagnotics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany;

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Turner,  Robert
Department Neurophysics, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society;
Department of Physics, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom;

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Stelzer_DeficientApproaches.pdf
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Citation

Stelzer, J., Lohmann, G., Mueller, K., Buschmann, T., & Turner, R. (2014). Deficient approaches to human neuroimaging. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8: 462. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00462.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0019-EB30-F
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is the workhorse of imaging-based human cognitive neuroscience. The use of fMRI is ever-increasing; within the last 4 years more fMRI studies have been published than in the previous 17 years.This large body of research has mainly focused on the functional localization of condition- or stimulus-dependent changes in the blood-oxygenation-level dependent signal. In recent years, h owever, many aspects of the commonly practiced analysis frameworks and methodologies have been critically reassessed. Here we summarize these critiques, providing an overview of the major conceptual and practical deficiencies in widely used brain-mapping approaches, and exemplifysomeoftheseissuesbytheuseofimagingdataandsimulations. Inparticular, we discuss the inherent pitfalls and shortcomings of methodologies for statistical parametric mapping. Our critique emphasizes recent reports of excessively high numbers of both false positive and false negative findings in fMRI brain mapping. We outline our view regarding the broader scientific implications of these methodological considerations and briefly discuss possible solutions.