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Journal Article

Is visual reference necessary? Vocal versus facial cues in social referencing

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Vaish,  Amrisha
Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

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Striano,  Tricia
Junior Research Group on Cultural Ontogeny, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;
Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Vaish, A., & Striano, T. (2004). Is visual reference necessary? Vocal versus facial cues in social referencing. Developmental Science, 7(3), 261-269. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00344.x.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0010-050D-3
Abstract
To examine the influences of facial versus vocal cues on infants’ behavior in a potentially threatening situation, 12-month-olds on a visual cliff received positive facial-only, vocal-only, or both facial and vocal cues from mothers. Infants’ crossing times and looks to mother were assessed. Infants crossed the cliff faster with multimodal and vocal than with facial cues, and looked more to mother in the Face Plus Voice compared to the Voice Only condition. The findings suggest that vocal cues, even without a visual reference, are more potent than facial cues in guiding infants’ behavior. The discussion focuses on the meaning of infants’ looks and the role of voice in development of social cognition.