Mixed-effects modeling with crossed random effects for subjects and items

Baayen, R. Harald; Davidson, Douglas J.; Bates, D. M.

doi:10.1016/j.jml.2007.12.005

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Mixed-effects modeling with crossed random effects for subjects and items

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Baayen, R. Harald
Pioneer, external;
The Dynamics of Multilingual Processing, MPI for Psycholinguistics, Max Planck Society;

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Davidson, Douglas J.
Language Acquisition Group, MPI for Psycholinguistics, Max Planck Society;
The Dynamics of Multilingual Processing, MPI for Psycholinguistics, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Baayen, R. H., Davidson, D. J., & Bates, D. M. (2008). Mixed-effects modeling with crossed random effects for subjects and items. Journal of Memory and Language, 59(4), 390-412. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2007.12.005.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0013-2031-E

Abstract

This paper provides an introduction to mixed-effects models for the analysis of repeated measurement data with subjects and items as crossed random effects. A worked-out example of how to use recent software for mixed-effects modeling is provided. Simulation studies illustrate the advantages offered by mixed-effects analyses compared to traditional analyses based on quasi-F tests, by-subjects analyses, combined by-subjects and by-items analyses, and random regression. Applications and possibilities across a range of domains of inquiry are discussed.