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Nitrogen-Doped Hollow Carbon Spheres as a Support for Platinum-Based Electrocatalysts

MPS-Authors
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Galeano Nunez,  Diana Carolina
Research Department Schüth, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Max Planck Society;

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Meier,  Josef C.
Electrocatalysis, Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max Planck Society;

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Soorholtz,  Mario
Research Group Palkovits, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Max Planck Society;

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Bongard,  Hans-Josef
Service Department Lehmann (EMR), Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Max Planck Society;

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Baldizzone,  Claudio
Electrocatalysis, Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max Planck Society;

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Mayrhofer,  Karl J. J.
Electrocatalysis, Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max Planck Society;

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Schüth,  Ferdi
Research Department Schüth, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Galeano Nunez, D. C., Meier, J. C., Soorholtz, M., Bongard, H.-J., Baldizzone, C., Mayrhofer, K. J. J., et al. (2014). Nitrogen-Doped Hollow Carbon Spheres as a Support for Platinum-Based Electrocatalysts. ACS Catalysis, 4(11), 3856-3868. doi:10.1021/cs5003492.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0024-9202-E
Abstract
Platinum and platinum alloys supported on carbon materials are the state of the art electrocatalysts for the essential oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in low-temperature fuel cells. The limited stability of such materials under the often detrimental operation conditions of fuel cells still remains a critical issue to improve. In this work, we explore the impact of nitrogen-doped carbon supports on the activity and stability of platinum-based fuel cell catalysts. We present a nitrogen-doped mesostructured carbon material, nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres (NHCS), as a support for platinum-based electrocatalysts. A detailed study of the electrochemical activity and stability was carried out for two Pt@NHCS materials i.e., as-made material (Pt@NHCS) with a Pt particle size smaller than 2 nm and the corresponding material after thermal treatment at 850 degrees C (Pt@NHCSΔT) with a Pt particle size of ca. 23 nm. Activity in the ORR was studied by rotating disc electrode (RDE) thin-film measurements, and electrocatalyst stability was evaluated by accelerated aging tests under simulated startstop conditions. The performance of the NHCS-based materials was compared to the two corresponding nitrogen-free materials as well as to a standard Pt/Vulcan catalyst. The underlying degradation mechanisms of Pt@NHCS materials were investigated via identical location electron microscopy. Our results conclusively show that nitrogen doping of the carbon supports can offer benefits for achieving high initial mass activities due to improved high platinum dispersion; however, it was not found to necessarily lead to an improvement of the catalyst stability.