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Regulation of the MID1 protein function is fine-tuned by a complex pattern of alternative splicing

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Winter,  Jennifer
Dept. of Human Molecular Genetics (Head: Hans-Hilger Ropers), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Society;

Lehmann,  Tanja
Max Planck Society;

Krauß,  Sybille
Max Planck Society;

Kijas,  Zofia
Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons50579

Suckow,  Vanessa
Signal Transduction in Mental Retardation and Pain (Tim Hucho), Dept. of Human Molecular Genetics (Head: Hans-Hilger Ropers), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons50655

Yaspo,  Marie-Laure
Human Chromosome 21 (Marie-Laure Yaspo), Dept. of Vertebrate Genomics (Head: Hans Lehrach), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons50369

Kalscheuer,  Vera M.
Chromosome Rearrangements and Disease (Vera Kalscheuer), Dept. of Human Molecular Genetics (Head: Hans-Hilger Ropers), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons50526

Schneider,  Rainer
Dept. of Human Molecular Genetics (Head: Hans-Hilger Ropers), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons50544

Schweiger,  Susann
Dept. of Human Molecular Genetics (Head: Hans-Hilger Ropers), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Winter, J., Lehmann, T., Krauß, S., Trockenbacher, A., Kijas, Z., Foerster, J., et al. (2004). Regulation of the MID1 protein function is fine-tuned by a complex pattern of alternative splicing. Human Genetics, 114(6), 541-552. doi:10.1007/s00439-004-1114-x.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0010-8897-C
Abstract
Clinical features of Opitz BBB/G syndrome are confined to defects of the developing ventral midline, whereas the causative gene, MID1, is ubiquitously expressed. Therefore, a non-redundant physiological function of the MID1 product appears to be developmentally restricted. Here, we report the identification of several alternative MID1 exons in human, mouse and fugu. We show that splice variants of the MID1 gene that are comparable in terms of function occur in the three organisms, suggesting an important role in the regulation of the MID1 protein function. Accordingly, we observed differential MID1 transcript patterns in a tissue-specific manner by Northern blot and RT-PCR. The identified splice variants cause loss-of-function effects via several mechanisms. Some introduce a stop codon followed by a novel poly(A+) tail, leading to the formation of C-terminally truncated proteins. Dominant negative effects through altered binding to the MID1-interacting protein agr4 in vitro could be demonstrated in a couple of cases. Others carry premature termination codons without poly(A+) tails. These are degraded by nonsense mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Our data reveal a mechanism conserved in human, mouse and fugu that regulates developmentally restricted MID1 activity and suggest NMD to be critical in the translational regulation of a ubiquitously transcribed mRNA.