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Structure and function of threonine synthase from yeast

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Garrido-Franco,  M.
Huber, Robert / Structure Research, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Ehlert,  S.
Huber, Robert / Structure Research, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Messerschmidt,  A.
Huber, Robert / Structure Research, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Max Planck Society;
Mann, Matthias / Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Marinkovic,  S.
Huber, Robert / Structure Research, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Huber,  R.
Huber, Robert / Structure Research, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Clausen,  T.
Huber, Robert / Structure Research, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Garrido-Franco, M., Ehlert, S., Messerschmidt, A., Marinkovic, S., Huber, R., Laber, B., et al. (2002). Structure and function of threonine synthase from yeast. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277(14), 12396-12405.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0010-6F6C-5
Abstract
Threonine synthase catalyzes the final step of threonine biosynthesis, the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent conversion of O-phosphohomoserine into threonine and inorganic phosphate. Threonine is an essential nutrient for mammals, and its biosynthetic machinery is restricted to bacteria, plants, and fungi; therefore, threonine synthase represents an interesting pharmaceutical target. The crystal structure of threonine synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been solved at 2.7 Angstrom resolution using multiwavelength anomalous diffraction. The structure reveals a monomer as active unit, which is subdivided into three distinct domains: a small N-terminal domain, a PLP-binding domain that covalently anchors the cofactor and a so-called large domain, which contains the main of the protein body. All three domains show the typical open alpha/beta architecture. The cofactor is bound at the interface of all three domains, buried deeply within a wide canyon that penetrates the whole molecule. Based on structural alignments with related enzymes, an enzyme-substrate complex was modeled into the active site of yeast threonine synthase, which revealed essentials for substrate binding and catalysis. Furthermore, the comparison with related enzymes of the beta-family of PLP-dependent enzymes indicated structural determinants of the oligomeric state and thus rationalized for the first time how a PLP enzyme acts in monomeric form.