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Abstract

The human hand is a masterpiece of mechanical complexity, able to perform
fine motor manipulations and powerful work alike. Designing an animatable
human hand model that features the abilities of the archetype created by
Nature requires a great deal of anatomical detail to be modeled. In this
paper, we present a human hand model with underlying anatomical
structure. Animation of the hand model is controlled by muscle contraction
values. We employ a physically based hybrid muscle model to convert these
contraction values into movement of skin and bones. Pseudo muscles directly
control the rotation of bones based on anatomical data and mechanical laws,
while geometric muscles deform the skin tissue using a mass-spring
system. Thus, resulting animations automatically exhibit anatomically and
physically correct finger movements and skin deformations. In addition, we
present a deformation technique to create individual hand models from
photographs. A radial basis warping function is set up from the
correspondence of feature points and applied to the complete structure of
the reference hand model, making the deformed hand model instantly
animatable.