Searching for a stochastic background of gravitational waves with the laser 
interferometer gravitational-wave observatory

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration; Abbott, B.; Abbott, R.; Adhikari, R.; Agresti, J.; Ajith, P.; Allen, B.; Amin, R.; Anderson, S. B.; Anderson, W. G.; Araya, M.; Armandula, H.; Ashley, M.; Aston, S; Aulbert, C.; Babak, Stanislav; Ballmer, S.; Barish, B. C.; Barker, C.; Barker, D.; Barr, B.; Barriga, P.; Barton, M. A.; Bayer, K.; Belczynski, K.; Betzwieser, J.; Beyersdorf, P.; Bhawal, B.; Bilenko, I. A.; Billingsley, G.; Black, E.; Blackburn, K.; Blackburn, L.; Blair, D.; Bland, B.; Bogue, L.; Bork, R.; Bose, S.; Brady, P. R.; Braginsky, V. B.; Brau, J. E.; Brooks, A.; Brown, D. A.; Bullington, A.; Bunkowski, A.; Buonanno, A.; Burman, R.; Busby, D.; Byer, R. L.; Cadonati, L.; Cagnoli, G.; Camp, J. B.; Cannizzo, J.; Cannon, K.; Cantley, C. A.; Cao, J.; Cardenas, L.; Casey, M. M.; Cepeda, C.; Charlton, P.; Chatterji, S.; Chelkowski, S.; Chen, Y.; Chin, D.; Chin, E.; Chow, J.; Christensen, N.; Cokelaer, T.; Colacino, C. N.; Coldwell, R.; Cook, D.; Corbitt, T.; Coward, D.; Coyne, D.; Creighton, J. D. E.; Creighton, T. D.; Crooks, D. R. M.; Cruise, A. M.; Cumming, A.; Cutler, C.; Dalrymple, J.; D'Ambrosio, E.; Danzmann, K.; Davies, G.; de Vine, G.; DeBra, D.; Degallaix, J.; Dergachev, V.; Desai, S.; DeSalvo, R.; Dhurandar, S.; Credico, A. Di; Díaz, M.; Dickson, J.; Diederichs, G.; Dietz, A.; Doomes, E. E.; Drever, R. W. P.; Dumas, J.-C.; Dupuis, R. J.; Ehrens, P.; Elliffe, E.; Etzel, T.; Evans, M.; Evans, T.; Fairhurst, S.; Fan, Y.; Fejer, M. M.; Finn, L. S.; Fotopoulos, N.; Franzen, A.; Franzen, K. Y.; Frey, R. E.; Fricke, T.; Fritschel, P.; Frolov, V. V.; Fyffe, M.; Garofoli, J.; Gholami, I.; Giaime, J. A.; Giampanis, S.; Goda, K.; Goetz, E.; Goggin, L.; González, G.; Gossler, S.; Grant, A.; Gras, S.; Gray, C.; Gray, M.; Greenhalgh, J.; Gretarsson, A. M.; Grimmett, D.; Grosso, R.; Grote, H.; Grunewald, S.; Guenther, M.; Gustafson, R.; Hage, B.; Hanna, C.; Hanson, J.; Hardham, C.; Harms, J.; Harry, G.; Harstad, E.; Hayler, T.; Heefner, J.; Heng, I. S.; Heptonstall, A.; Heurs, M.; Hewitson, M.; Hild, S.; Hindman, N.; Hirose, E.; Hoak, D.; Hoang, P.; Hosken, D.; Hough, J.; Howell, E.; Hoyland, D.; Hua, W.; Huttner, S.; Ingram, D.; Ito, M.; Itoh, Y.; Ivanov, A.; Jackrel, D.; Johnson, B.; Johnson, W. W.; Jones, D. I.; Jones, G.; Jones, R.; Ju, L.; Kalmus, P.; Kalogera, V.; Kasprzyk, D.; Katsavounidis, E.; Kawabe, K.; Kawamura, S.; Kawazoe, F.; Kells, W.; Khalili, F. Ya.; Khan, A.; Kim, C.; King, Peter; Klimenko, S.; Kokeyama, K.; Kondrashov, V.; Koranda, S.; Kozak, D.; Krishnan, B.; Kwee, P.; Lam, P. K.; Landry, M.; Lantz, B.; Lazzarini, A.; Lee, B.; Lei, M.; Leonhardt, V.; Leonor, I.; Libbrecht, K.; Lindquist, P.; Lockerbie, N. A.; Lormand, M.; Lubinski, M.; Lück, H.; Machenschalk, B.; MacInnis, M.; Mageswaran, M.; Mailand, K.; Malec, M.; Mandic, V.; Márka, S.; Markowitz, J.; Maros, E.; Martin, I.; Marx, J. N.; Mason, K.; Matone, L.; Mavalvala, N.; McCarthy, R.; McClelland, D. E.; McGuire, S. C.; McHugh, M.; McKenzie, K.; McNabb, J. W. C.; Meier, T.; Melissinos, A.; Mendell, G.; Mercer, R. A.; Meshkov, S.; Messaritaki, E.; Messenger, C. J.; Meyers, D.; Mikhailov, E.; Mitra, S.; Mitrofanov, V. P.; Mitselmakher, G.; Mittleman, R.; Miyakawa, O.; Mohanty, S.; Moreno, G.; Mossavi, K.; MowLowry, C.; Moylan, A.; Mudge, D.; Mueller, G.; Müller-Ebhardt, H.; Mukherjee, S.; Munch, J.; Murray, P.; Myers, E.; Myers, J.; Newton, G.; Numata, K.; O'Reilly, B.; O'Shaughnessy, R.; Ottaway, D. J.; Overmier, H.; Owen, B. J.; Pan, Y.; Papa, M A.; Parameshwaraiah, V.; Pedraza, M.; Penn, S.; Pitkin, M.; Plissi, M. V.; Prix, R.; Quetschke, V.; Raab, F.; Rabeling, D.; Radkins, H.; Rahkola, R.; Rakhmanov, M.; Rawlins, K.; Ray-Majumder, S.; Re, V.; Rehbein, H.; Reid, S.; Reitze, D. H.; Ribichini, L.; Riesen, R.; Riles, K.; Rivera, B.; Robertson, D. I.; Robertson, N. A.; Robinson, C.; Roddy, S.; Rodriguez, A.; Rogan, A. M.; Rollins, J.; Romano, J. D.; Romie, J.; Route, R.; Rowan, S.; Rüdiger, A.; Ruet, L.; Russell, P.; Ryan, K.; Sakata, S.; Samidi, M.; Sancho de la Jordana, L.; Sandberg, V.; Sannibale, V.; Saraf, S.; Sarin, P.; Sathyaprakash, B. S.; Sato, S.; Saulson, P. R.; Savage, R.; Schediwy, S.; Schilling, R.; Schnabel, R.; Schofield, R.; Schutz, B. F.; Schwinberg, P.; Scott, S. M.; Seader, S. E.; Searle, A. C.; Sears, B.; Seifert, F.; Sellers, D.; Sengupta, A. S.; Shawhan, P.; Sheard, B.; Shoemaker, D. H.; Sibley, A.; Siemens, X.; Sigg, D.; Sintes, A. M.; Slagmolen, B.; Slutsky, J.; Smith, J.; Smith, M. R.; Sneddon, P.; Somiya, K.; Speake, C.; Spjeld, O.; Strain, K. A.; Strom, D. M.; Stuver, A.; Summerscales, T.; Sun, K.; Sung, M.; Sutton, P. J.; Tanner, D. B.; Tarallo, M.; Taylor, R.; Taylor, R.; Thacker, J.; Thorne, K. A.; Thorne, K. S.; Thüring, Andre; Tokmakov, K. V.; Torres, C.; Torrie, C.; Traylor, G.; Trias, M.; Tyler, W.; Ugolini, D.; Ungarelli, C.; Vahlbruch, H.; Vallisneri, M.; Varvella, M.; Vass, S.; Vecchio, A.; Veitch, J.; Veitch, P.; Vigeland, S.; Villar, A.; Vorvick, C.; Vyachanin, S. P.; Waldman, S. J.; Wallace, L.; Ward, H.; Ward, R.; Watts, K.; Webber, D.; Weidner, A.; Weinstein, A.; Weiss, R.; Wen, S.; Wette, K.; Whelan, J. T.; Whitbeck, D. M.; Whitcomb, S. E.; Whiting, B. F.; Wilkinson, C.; Willems, P. A.; Willke, B.; Wilmut, I.; Winkler, W.; Wipf, C. C.; Wise, S.; Wiseman, A. G.; Woan, G.; Woods, D.; Wooley, R.; Worden, J.; Wu, W.; Yakushin, I.; Yamamoto, H.; Yan, Z.; Yoshida, S.; Yunes, N.; Zanolin, M.; Zhang, L.; Zhao, C.; Zotov, N.; Zucker, M.; zur Mühlen, H.; Zweizig, J.

doi:10.1086/511329

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Searching for a stochastic background of gravitational waves with the laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Abbott, B., Abbott, R., Adhikari, R., Agresti, J., Ajith, P., et al. (2007). Searching for a stochastic background of gravitational waves with the laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory. Astrophysical Journal, 659(2), 918-930. doi:10.1086/511329.

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The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Author
Abbott, B., Author
Abbott, R., Author
Adhikari, R., Author
Agresti, J., Author
Ajith, P.¹, Author
Allen, B.², Author
Amin, R., Author
Anderson, S. B., Author
Anderson, W. G., Author
Araya, M., Author
Armandula, H., Author
Ashley, M., Author
Aston, S, Author
Aulbert, C.², Author
Babak, Stanislav³, Author
Ballmer, S., Author
Barish, B. C., Author
Barker, C., Author
Barker, D., Author
Barr, B., AuthorBarriga, P., AuthorBarton, M. A., AuthorBayer, K., AuthorBelczynski, K., AuthorBetzwieser, J., AuthorBeyersdorf, P., AuthorBhawal, B., AuthorBilenko, I. A., AuthorBillingsley, G., AuthorBlack, E., AuthorBlackburn, K., AuthorBlackburn, L., AuthorBlair, D., AuthorBland, B., AuthorBogue, L., AuthorBork, R., AuthorBose, S., AuthorBrady, P. R., AuthorBraginsky, V. B., AuthorBrau, J. E., AuthorBrooks, A., AuthorBrown, D. A., AuthorBullington, A., AuthorBunkowski, A.¹, AuthorBuonanno, A.^{4, 5}, Author         Burman, R., AuthorBusby, D., AuthorByer, R. L., AuthorCadonati, L., AuthorCagnoli, G., AuthorCamp, J. B., AuthorCannizzo, J., AuthorCannon, K., AuthorCantley, C. A., AuthorCao, J., AuthorCardenas, L., AuthorCasey, M. M., AuthorCepeda, C., AuthorCharlton, P., AuthorChatterji, S., AuthorChelkowski, S.¹, AuthorChen, Y.³, Author         Chin, D., AuthorChin, E., AuthorChow, J., AuthorChristensen, N., AuthorCokelaer, T., AuthorColacino, C. N., AuthorColdwell, R., AuthorCook, D., AuthorCorbitt, T., AuthorCoward, D., AuthorCoyne, D., AuthorCreighton, J. D. E., AuthorCreighton, T. D., AuthorCrooks, D. R. M., AuthorCruise, A. M., AuthorCumming, A., AuthorCutler, C., AuthorDalrymple, J., AuthorD'Ambrosio, E., AuthorDanzmann, K.⁶, Author         Davies, G., Authorde Vine, G., AuthorDeBra, D., AuthorDegallaix, J.⁶, Author         Dergachev, V., AuthorDesai, S., AuthorDeSalvo, R., AuthorDhurandar, S., AuthorCredico, A. Di, AuthorDíaz, M., AuthorDickson, J., AuthorDiederichs, G., AuthorDietz, A., AuthorDoomes, E. E., AuthorDrever, R. W. P., AuthorDumas, J.-C., AuthorDupuis, R. J., AuthorEhrens, P., AuthorElliffe, E., AuthorEtzel, T., AuthorEvans, M., AuthorEvans, T., AuthorFairhurst, S., AuthorFan, Y., AuthorFejer, M. M., AuthorFinn, L. S., AuthorFotopoulos, N., AuthorFranzen, A., AuthorFranzen, K. Y., AuthorFrey, R. E., AuthorFricke, T., AuthorFritschel, P., AuthorFrolov, V. V., AuthorFyffe, M., AuthorGarofoli, J., AuthorGholami, I.⁷, AuthorGiaime, J. A., AuthorGiampanis, S.², Author         Goda, K., AuthorGoetz, E., AuthorGoggin, L., AuthorGonzález, G., AuthorGossler, S.⁶, Author         Grant, A., AuthorGras, S., AuthorGray, C., AuthorGray, M., AuthorGreenhalgh, J., AuthorGretarsson, A. M., AuthorGrimmett, D., AuthorGrosso, R., AuthorGrote, H.⁶, Author         Grunewald, S.³, Author         Guenther, M., AuthorGustafson, R., AuthorHage, B.⁶, Author         Hanna, C., AuthorHanson, J., AuthorHardham, C., AuthorHarms, J.¹, AuthorHarry, G., AuthorHarstad, E., AuthorHayler, T., AuthorHeefner, J., AuthorHeng, I. S., AuthorHeptonstall, A., AuthorHeurs, M.⁶, Author         Hewitson, M.², Author         Hild, S.⁶, Author         Hindman, N., AuthorHirose, E., AuthorHoak, D., AuthorHoang, P., AuthorHosken, D., AuthorHough, J., AuthorHowell, E., AuthorHoyland, D., AuthorHua, W., AuthorHuttner, S., AuthorIngram, D., AuthorIto, M., AuthorItoh, Y., AuthorIvanov, A., AuthorJackrel, D., AuthorJohnson, B., AuthorJohnson, W. W., AuthorJones, D. I., AuthorJones, G., AuthorJones, R., AuthorJu, L., AuthorKalmus, P., AuthorKalogera, V., AuthorKasprzyk, D., AuthorKatsavounidis, E., AuthorKawabe, K., AuthorKawamura, S., AuthorKawazoe, F.⁶, Author         Kells, W., AuthorKhalili, F. Ya., AuthorKhan, A., AuthorKim, C., AuthorKing, Peter⁶, Author         Klimenko, S., AuthorKokeyama, K., AuthorKondrashov, V., AuthorKoranda, S., AuthorKozak, D., AuthorKrishnan, B.³, Author         Kwee, P.⁶, Author         Lam, P. K., AuthorLandry, M., AuthorLantz, B., AuthorLazzarini, A., AuthorLee, B., AuthorLei, M., AuthorLeonhardt, V., AuthorLeonor, I., AuthorLibbrecht, K., AuthorLindquist, P., AuthorLockerbie, N. A., AuthorLormand, M., AuthorLubinski, M., AuthorLück, H.⁶, Author         Machenschalk, B.², Author         MacInnis, M., AuthorMageswaran, M., AuthorMailand, K., AuthorMalec, M., AuthorMandic, V., AuthorMárka, S., AuthorMarkowitz, J., AuthorMaros, E., AuthorMartin, I., AuthorMarx, J. N., AuthorMason, K., AuthorMatone, L., AuthorMavalvala, N., AuthorMcCarthy, R., AuthorMcClelland, D. E., AuthorMcGuire, S. C., AuthorMcHugh, M., AuthorMcKenzie, K., AuthorMcNabb, J. W. C., AuthorMeier, T.⁶, AuthorMelissinos, A., AuthorMendell, G., AuthorMercer, R. A., AuthorMeshkov, S., AuthorMessaritaki, E., AuthorMessenger, C. J.², Author         Meyers, D., AuthorMikhailov, E., AuthorMitra, S., AuthorMitrofanov, V. P., AuthorMitselmakher, G., AuthorMittleman, R., AuthorMiyakawa, O., AuthorMohanty, S., AuthorMoreno, G., AuthorMossavi, K.⁶, Author         MowLowry, C., AuthorMoylan, A., AuthorMudge, D., AuthorMueller, G., AuthorMüller-Ebhardt, H.⁶, Author         Mukherjee, S., AuthorMunch, J., AuthorMurray, P., AuthorMyers, E., AuthorMyers, J., AuthorNewton, G., AuthorNumata, K., AuthorO'Reilly, B., AuthorO'Shaughnessy, R., AuthorOttaway, D. J., AuthorOvermier, H., AuthorOwen, B. J., AuthorPan, Y., AuthorPapa, M A.³, Author         Parameshwaraiah, V., AuthorPedraza, M., AuthorPenn, S., AuthorPitkin, M., AuthorPlissi, M. V., AuthorPrix, R.², Author         Quetschke, V., AuthorRaab, F., AuthorRabeling, D., AuthorRadkins, H., AuthorRahkola, R., AuthorRakhmanov, M., AuthorRawlins, K., AuthorRay-Majumder, S., AuthorRe, V., AuthorRehbein, H.⁶, Author         Reid, S., AuthorReitze, D. H., AuthorRibichini, L.¹, AuthorRiesen, R., AuthorRiles, K., AuthorRivera, B., AuthorRobertson, D. I., AuthorRobertson, N. A., AuthorRobinson, C., AuthorRoddy, S., AuthorRodriguez, A., AuthorRogan, A. M., AuthorRollins, J., AuthorRomano, J. D., AuthorRomie, J., AuthorRoute, R., AuthorRowan, S., AuthorRüdiger, A.⁶, Author         Ruet, L., AuthorRussell, P., AuthorRyan, K., AuthorSakata, S., AuthorSamidi, M., AuthorSancho de la Jordana, L. , AuthorSandberg, V., AuthorSannibale, V., AuthorSaraf, S., AuthorSarin, P., AuthorSathyaprakash, B. S., AuthorSato, S., AuthorSaulson, P. R., AuthorSavage, R., AuthorSchediwy, S., AuthorSchilling, R.⁶, Author         Schnabel, R.⁶, Author         Schofield, R., AuthorSchutz, B. F.³, Author         Schwinberg, P., AuthorScott, S. M., AuthorSeader, S. E., AuthorSearle, A. C., AuthorSears, B., AuthorSeifert, F.⁶, Author         Sellers, D., AuthorSengupta, A. S., AuthorShawhan, P., AuthorSheard, B., AuthorShoemaker, D. H., AuthorSibley, A., AuthorSiemens, X., AuthorSigg, D., AuthorSintes, A. M.³, Author         Slagmolen, B., AuthorSlutsky, J., AuthorSmith, J.¹, AuthorSmith, M. R., AuthorSneddon, P., AuthorSomiya, K.⁶, Author         Speake, C., AuthorSpjeld, O., AuthorStrain, K. A.⁶, Author         Strom, D. M., AuthorStuver, A., AuthorSummerscales, T., AuthorSun, K., AuthorSung, M., AuthorSutton, P. J., AuthorTanner, D. B., AuthorTarallo, M., AuthorTaylor, R., AuthorTaylor, R., AuthorThacker, J., AuthorThorne, K. A., AuthorThorne, K. S., AuthorThüring, Andre⁶, Author         Tokmakov, K. V., AuthorTorres, C., AuthorTorrie, C., AuthorTraylor, G., AuthorTrias, M., AuthorTyler, W., AuthorUgolini, D., AuthorUngarelli, C., AuthorVahlbruch, H.⁶, Author         Vallisneri, M., AuthorVarvella, M., AuthorVass, S., AuthorVecchio, A., AuthorVeitch, J., AuthorVeitch, P., AuthorVigeland, S., AuthorVillar, A., AuthorVorvick, C., AuthorVyachanin, S. P., AuthorWaldman, S. J., AuthorWallace, L., AuthorWard, H., AuthorWard, R., AuthorWatts, K., AuthorWebber, D., AuthorWeidner, A.⁶, Author         Weinstein, A., AuthorWeiss, R., AuthorWen, S., AuthorWette, K.², Author         Whelan, J. T.³, Author         Whitbeck, D. M., AuthorWhitcomb, S. E., AuthorWhiting, B. F., AuthorWilkinson, C., AuthorWillems, P. A., AuthorWillke, B.⁶, Author         Wilmut, I., AuthorWinkler, W.⁶, Author         Wipf, C. C., AuthorWise, S., AuthorWiseman, A. G., AuthorWoan, G., AuthorWoods, D., AuthorWooley, R., AuthorWorden, J., AuthorWu, W., AuthorYakushin, I., AuthorYamamoto, H., AuthorYan, Z., AuthorYoshida, S.³, Author         Yunes, N., AuthorZanolin, M., AuthorZhang, L., AuthorZhao, C., AuthorZotov, N., AuthorZucker, M., Authorzur Mühlen, H.⁶, Author         Zweizig, J., Author more..

Affiliations:
1AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society, Hannover, DE, ou_24009
2Observational Relativity and Cosmology, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society, ou_24011
3Astrophysical Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society, ou_24013
4University of Maryland, College Park, MD , ou_persistent22
5Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society, ou_1933290
6Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society, ou_24010
7AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society, Golm, DE, ou_24008

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Abstract: The Laser Interferometer Gravitational‐Wave Observatory (LIGO) has performed the fourth science run, S4, with significantly improved interferometer sensitivities with respect to previous runs. Using data acquired during this science run, we place a limit on the amplitude of a stochastic background of gravitational waves. For a frequency independent spectrum, the new Bayesian 90% upper limit is . This is currently the most sensitive result in the frequency range 51–150 Hz, with a factor of 13 improvement over the previous LIGO result. We discuss the complementarity of the new result with other constraints on a stochastic background of gravitational waves, and we investigate implications of the new result for different models of this background.

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Dates: Published Online: 2007Date issued: 2007

Publication Status: Issued

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Rev. Type: Peer

Identifiers: DOI: 10.1086/511329
eDoc: 334061

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Title: Astrophysical Journal

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Pages: - Volume / Issue: 659 (2) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 918 - 930 Identifier: ISSN: 1538-4357