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Free keywords:
model‐based reconstruction; quantitative MRI; parametric mapping; T2 mapping
Abstract:
Background
Quantitative T2 measurements are sensitive to intra- and extracellular water accumulation and myelin loss. Therefore, quantitative T2 promises to be a good biomarker of disease. However, T2 measurements require long acquisition times.
Purpose
To accelerate T2 quantification and subsequent generation of synthetic T2-weighted (T2-w) image contrast for clinical research and routine. To that end, a recently developed model-based approach for rapid T2 and M0 quantification (MARTINI) based on undersampling k-space, was extended by parallel imaging (GRAPPA) to enable high-resolution T2 mapping with access to T2-w images in less than 2 minutes acquisition time for the entire brain.
Study Type
Prospective cross-sectional study.
Subjects/Phantom
Fourteen healthy subjects and a multipurpose phantom.
Field Strength/Sequence
Carr–Purcell–Meiboom-Gill sequence at a 3T scanner.
Assessment
The accuracy and reproducibility of the accelerated T2 quantification was assessed. Validations comprised MRI studies on a phantom as well as the brain, knee, prostate, and liver from healthy volunteers. Synthetic T2-w images were generated from computed T2 and M0 maps and compared to conventional fast spin-echo (SE) images.
Statistical Tests
Root mean square distance (RMSD) to the reference method and region of interest analysis.
Results
The combination of MARTINI and GRAPPA (GRAPPATINI) lead to a 10-fold accelerated T2 mapping protocol with 1:44 minutes acquisition time and full brain coverage. The RMSD of GRAPPATINI increases less (4.3%) than a 10-fold MARTINI reconstruction (37.6%) in comparison to the reference. Reproducibility tests showed low standard deviation (SD) of T2 values in regions of interest between scan and rescan (<0.4 msec) and across subjects (<4 msec).
Data Conclusion
GRAPPATINI provides highly reproducible and fast whole-brain T2 maps and arbitrary synthetic T2-w images in clinically compatible acquisition times of less than 2 minutes. These abilities are expected to support more widespread clinical applications of quantitative T2 mapping.
Level of Evidence: 2
Technical Efficacy: Stage 1
