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  The SND proteins constitute an alternative targeting route to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Aviram, N., Ast, T., Costa, E. A., Arakel, E. C., Chuartzman, S. G., Jan, C. H., et al. (2016). The SND proteins constitute an alternative targeting route to the endoplasmic reticulum. Nature, 540(7631), 134-138. doi:10.1038/nature20169.

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 Creators:
Aviram, N., Author
Ast, T., Author
Costa, E. A., Author
Arakel, E. C., Author
Chuartzman, S. G., Author
Jan, C. H., Author
Haßdenteufel, S., Author
Dudek, J., Author
Jung, M., Author
Schorr, S., Author
Zimmermann, R., Author
Schwappach, B.1, Author           
Weissman, J. S., Author
Schuldiner, M., Author
Affiliations:
1Max Planck Fellow Blanche Schwappach, ou_1548137              

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 Abstract: In eukaryotes, up to one-third of cellular proteins are targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum, where they undergo folding, processing, sorting and trafficking to subsequent endomembrane compartments(1). Targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum has been shown to occur co-translationally by the signal recognition particle (SRP) pathway(2) or post-translationally by the mammalian transmembrane recognition complex of 40 kDa (TRC40)(3,4) and homologous yeast guided entry of tail-anchored proteins (GET)(5,6) pathways. Despite the range of proteins that can be catered for by these two pathways, many proteins are still known to be independent of both SRP and GET, so there seems to be a critical need for an additional dedicated pathway for endoplasmic reticulum relay(7,8). We set out to uncover additional targeting proteins using unbiased high-content screening approaches. To this end, we performed a systematic visual screen using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae(9,10), and uncovered three uncharacterized proteins whose loss affected targeting. We suggest that these proteins work together and demonstrate that they function in parallel with SRP and GET to target a broad range of substrates to the endoplasmic reticulum. The three proteins, which we name Snd1, Snd2 and Snd3 (for SRP-independent targeting), can synthetically compensate for the loss of both the SRP and GET pathways, and act as a backup targeting system. This explains why it has previously been difficult to demonstrate complete loss of targeting for some substrates. Our discovery thus puts in place an essential piece of the endoplasmic reticulum targeting puzzle, highlighting how the targeting apparatus of the eukaryotic cell is robust, interlinked and flexible.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2016-11-302016-12-01
 Publication Status: Issued
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 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1038/nature20169
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Title: Nature
Source Genre: Journal
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Pages: - Volume / Issue: 540 (7631) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 134 - 138 Identifier: -