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  Pathological glutamatergic neurotransmission in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome

Kanaan, A. S., Gerasch, S., García-García, I., Lampe, L., Pampel, A., Anwander, A., et al. (2017). Pathological glutamatergic neurotransmission in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Brain, 140(1), 218-234. doi:10.1093/brain/aww285.

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https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aww285 (Publisher version)
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OA-Status:
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 Creators:
Kanaan, Ahmad S.1, Author           
Gerasch, Sarah2, Author
García-García, Isabel3, Author           
Lampe, Leonie3, Author           
Pampel, André1, Author           
Anwander, Alfred4, Author           
Near, Jamie5, Author
Möller, Harald E.1, Author           
Müller-Vahl, Kirsten2, Author
Affiliations:
1Methods and Development Unit Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society, ou_634558              
2Department of Psychiatry, Social psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School MHH, Germany, ou_persistent22              
3Department Neurology, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society, ou_634549              
4Department Neuropsychology, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society, ou_634551              
5Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, ou_persistent22              

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Free keywords: Gilles de la Tourette syndrome; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Glutamate; Glutamine; GABA; Dopamine; Basal ganglia
 Abstract: Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a hereditary, neuropsychiatric movement disorder with reported abnormalities in the neurotransmission of dopamine and γ- aminobutyric acid (GABA). Spatially focalized alterations in excitatory, inhibitory and modulatory neurochemical ratios within functional subdivisions of the basal ganglia, may lead to the expression of diverse motor and non-motor features as manifested in GTS. Current treatment strategies are often unsatisfactory thus provoking the need for further elucidation of the underlying pathophysiology. In view of (a) the close synergy exhibited by excitatory, inhibitory and modulatory neurotransmitter systems; (b) the crucial role played by glutamate (Glu) in tonic/phasic dopaminergic signalling; and (c) the interdependent metabolic relationship exhibited between Glu and GABA via glutamine (Gln); we postulated that glutamatergic signalling is related to the pathophysiology of GTS. As such, we examined the neurochemical profile of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical regions in 37 well-characterized, drug-free adult patients and 36 age/gender-matched healthy controls via magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3T. To interrogate the influence of treatment on metabolite concentrations, spectral data was acquired from 15 patients undergoing a four-week treatment with aripiprazole. Test-retest reliability measurements in 23 controls indicated high repeatability of voxel localization and metabolite quantitation. We report significant reductions in striatal concentrations of Gln, Glu+Gln (Glx) and the Gln:Glu ratio and thalamic concentrations of Glx in GTS in comparison to controls. On-treatment patients exhibited no significant metabolite differences when compared to controls but significant increases in striatal Glu and Glx and trends for increases in striatal Gln and thalamic Glx compared to baseline measurements. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between (a) striatal Gln and actual tic severity and (b) thalamic Glu and pre-monitory urges. Our results indicate that patients with GTS exhibit an abnormality in the flux of metabolites in the GABA-Glu-Gln cycle, thus implying perturbations in astrocytic- neuronal coupling systems that maintain the subtle balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission within subcortical nuclei.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2016-04-112016-09-122016-12-222017-01-01
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: 17
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww285
PMID: 28007998
Other: Epub 2016
 Degree: -

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Project name : Interdisciplinary training network for Tourette Syndrome; structuring European Training capacities for neurodevelopmental disorders / TS-EUROTRAIN
Grant ID : 316978
Funding program : Funding Programme 7
Funding organization : European Commission (EC)
Project name : -
Grant ID : HA-314
Funding program : -
Funding organization : Helmholtz Alliance “ICEMED—Imaging and Curing Environmental Metabolic Diseases”

Source 1

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Title: Brain
  Other : Brain
Source Genre: Journal
 Creator(s):
Affiliations:
Publ. Info: London : Macmillan
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 140 (1) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 218 - 234 Identifier: ISSN: 0006-8950
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954925385135