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  Genetic variation in CD38 and breastfeeding experience interact to impact infants' attention to social eye cues

Krol, K. M., Monakhov, M., Lai, P. S., Ebstein, R., & Grossmann, T. (2015). Genetic variation in CD38 and breastfeeding experience interact to impact infants' attention to social eye cues. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(39), E5434-E5442. doi:10.1073/pnas.1506352112.

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 Creators:
Krol, K. M.1, Author           
Monakhov, Mikhail2, Author
Lai, Poh San3, Author
Ebstein, Richard2, Author
Grossmann, Tobias1, 4, Author           
Affiliations:
1Max Planck Research Group Early Social Development, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society, ou_1356545              
2Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, ou_persistent22              
3Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, ou_persistent22              
4University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA, ou_persistent22              

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Free keywords: CD38; Oxytocin; Breastfeeding; Emotion; Perception; Infancy
 Abstract: Attending to emotional information conveyed by the eyes is an important social skill in humans. The current study examined this skill in early development by measuring attention to eyes while viewing emotional faces in 7-mo-old infants. In particular, we investigated individual differences in infant attention to eyes in the context of genetic variation (CD38 rs3796863 polymorphism) and experiential variation (exclusive breastfeeding duration) related to the oxytocin system. Our results revealed that, whereas infants at this age show a robust fear bias (increased attention to fearful eyes), their attention to angry and happy eyes varies as a function of exclusive breastfeeding experience and genetic variation in CD38. Specifically, extended exclusive breastfeeding duration selectively enhanced looking preference to happy eyes and decreased looking to angry eyes. Importantly, however, this interaction was impacted by CD38 variation, such that only the looking preferences of infants homozygous for the C allele of rs3796863 were affected by breastfeeding experience. This genotype has been associated with reduced release of oxytocin and higher rates of autism. In contrast, infants with the CA/AA genotype showed similar looking preferences regardless of breastfeeding exposure. Thus, differences in the sensitivity to emotional eyes may be linked to an interaction between the endogenous (CD38) and exogenous (breastfeeding) availability of oxytocin. These findings underline the importance of maternal care and the oxytocin system in contributing to the early development of responding to social eye cues.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2015-04-042015-08-182015-09-142015-09-29
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: -
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 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1506352112
PMID: 26371313
PMC: PMC4593116
Other: Epub 2015
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Funding organization : Max Planck Society (MPG)

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Title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
  Other : Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Washington, DC : National Academy of Sciences
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 112 (39) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: E5434 - E5442 Identifier: ISSN: 0027-8424
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954925427230