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  Quantum state preparation and macroscopic entanglement in gravitational-wave detectors

Müller-Ebhardt, H., Rehbein, H., Li, C., Mino, Y., Somiya, K., Schnabel, R., et al. (2009). Quantum state preparation and macroscopic entanglement in gravitational-wave detectors. Physical Review A, 80: 043802. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.80.043802.

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PhysRevA80_043802.pdf (Publisher version), 408KB
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 Creators:
Müller-Ebhardt, Helge1, Author           
Rehbein, Henning1, Author           
Li, Chao2, Author
Mino, Yasushi2, Author
Somiya, Kentaro1, Author           
Schnabel, Roman1, Author           
Danzmann, Karsten1, Author           
Chen, Yanbei3, Author           
Affiliations:
1Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society, ou_24010              
2External Organizations, ou_persistent22              
3Astrophysical Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society, ou_24013              

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 Abstract: Long-baseline laser-interferometer gravitational-wave detectors are operating at a factor of 10 (in amplitude) above the standard quantum limit (SQL) within a broad frequency band. Such a low classical noise budget has already allowed the creation of a controlled 2.7 kg macroscopic oscillator with an effective eigenfrequency of 150 Hz and an occupation number of 200. This result, along with the prospect for further improvements, heralds the new possibility of experimentally probing macroscopic quantum mechanics (MQM) - quantum mechanical behavior of objects in the realm of everyday experience - using gravitational-wave detectors. In this paper, we provide the mathematical foundation for the first step of a MQM experiment: the preparation of a macroscopic test mass into a nearly minimum-Heisenberg-limited Gaussian quantum state, which is possible if the interferometer's classical noise beats the SQL in a broad frequency band. Our formalism, based on Wiener filtering, allows a straightforward conversion from the classical noise budget of a laser interferometer, in terms of noise spectra, into the strategy for quantum state preparation, and the quality of the prepared state. Using this formalism, we consider how Gaussian entanglement can be built among two macroscopic test masses, and the performance of the planned Advanced LIGO interferometers in quantum-state preparation.

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 Dates: 2009
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Title: Physical Review A
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Pages: - Volume / Issue: 80 Sequence Number: 043802 Start / End Page: - Identifier: -