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  A two-pass approach for handling out-of-vocabulary words in a large vocabulary recognition task

Scharenborg, O., Seneff, S., & Boves, L. (2007). A two-pass approach for handling out-of-vocabulary words in a large vocabulary recognition task. Computer, Speech & Language, 21, 206-218. doi:10.1016/j.csl.2006.03.003.

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 Urheber:
Scharenborg, Odette1, Autor           
Seneff, S.2, Autor
Boves, L.1, Autor
Affiliations:
1Centre for Language and Speech Technology, Radboud University Nijmegen, ou_55203              
2Spoken Language System Group, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, ou_persistent22              

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 Zusammenfassung: This paper addresses the problem of recognizing a vocabulary of over 50,000 city names in a telephone access spoken dialogue system. We adopt a two-stage framework in which only major cities are represented in the first stage lexicon. We rely on an unknown word model encoded as a phone loop to detect OOV city names (referred to as ‘rare city’ names). We use SpeM, a tool that can extract words and word-initial cohorts from phone graphs from a large fallback lexicon, to provide an N-best list of promising city name hypotheses on the basis of the phone graph corresponding to the OOV. This N-best list is then inserted into the second stage lexicon for a subsequent recognition pass. Experiments were conducted on a set of spontaneous telephone-quality utterances; each containing one rare city name. It appeared that SpeM was able to include nearly 75% of the correct city names in an N-best hypothesis list of 3000 city names. With the names found by SpeM to extend the lexicon of the second stage recognizer, a word accuracy of 77.3% could be obtained. The best one-stage system yielded a word accuracy of 72.6%. The absolute number of correctly recognized rare city names almost doubled, from 62 for the best one-stage system to 102 for the best two-stage system. However, even the best two-stage system recognized only about one-third of the rare city names retrieved by SpeM. The paper discusses ways for improving the overall performance in the context of an application.

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Sprache(n): eng - English
 Datum: 2007
 Publikationsstatus: Erschienen
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 Identifikatoren: DOI: 10.1016/j.csl.2006.03.003
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Titel: Computer, Speech & Language
Genre der Quelle: Zeitschrift
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Ort, Verlag, Ausgabe: Elsevier
Seiten: - Band / Heft: 21 Artikelnummer: - Start- / Endseite: 206 - 218 Identifikator: -