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  The sense of balance in humans: Structural features of otoconia and their response to linear acceleration

Kniep, R., Zahn, D., Wulfes, J., & Walther, L. E. (2017). The sense of balance in humans: Structural features of otoconia and their response to linear acceleration. PLoS One, 12(4): e0175769, pp. 1-13. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175769.

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Kniep, Rüdiger1, Autor           
Zahn, Dirk2, Autor
Wulfes, Jana3, Autor           
Walther, Leif Erik2, Autor
Affiliations:
1Rüdiger Kniep, Inorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Max Planck Society, ou_1863437              
2External Organizations, ou_persistent22              
3Inorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Max Planck Society, ou_1863425              

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 Zusammenfassung: We explored the functional role of individual otoconia within the otolith system of mammalians responsible for the detection of linear accelerations and head tilts in relation to the gravity vector. Details of the inner structure and the shape of intact human and artificial otoconia were studied using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), including decalcification by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to discriminate local calcium carbonate density. Considerable differences between the rhombohedral faces of human and artificial otoconia already indicate that the inner architecture of otoconia is not consistent with the point group -3m. This is clearly confirmed by decalcified otoconia specimen which are characterized by a non-centrosymmetric volume distribution of the compact 3+3 branches. This structural evidence for asymmetric mass distribution was further supported by light microscopy in combination with a high speed camera showing the movement of single otoconia specimen (artificial specimen) under gravitational influence within a viscous medium (artificial endolymph). Moreover, the response of otoconia to linear acceleration forces was investigated by particle dynamics simulations. Both, time-resolved microscopy and computer simulations of otoconia acceleration show that the dislocation of otoconia include significant rotational movement stemming from density asymmetry. Based on these findings, we suggest an otolith membrane expansion/stiffening mechanism for enhanced response to linear acceleration transmitted to the vestibular hair cells.

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Sprache(n): eng - English
 Datum: 2017-04-132017-04-13
 Publikationsstatus: Erschienen
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 Ort, Verlag, Ausgabe: -
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 Art der Begutachtung: -
 Identifikatoren: ISI: 000399955400097
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175769
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Titel: PLoS One
Genre der Quelle: Zeitschrift
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Ort, Verlag, Ausgabe: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science
Seiten: - Band / Heft: 12 (4) Artikelnummer: e0175769 Start- / Endseite: 1 - 13 Identifikator: ISSN: 1932-6203
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/1000000000277850