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  Biodiversity at multiple trophic levels is needed for ecosystem multifunctionality

Soliveres, S., van der Plas, F., Manning, P., Prati, D., Gossner, M. M., Renner, S. C., et al. (2016). Biodiversity at multiple trophic levels is needed for ecosystem multifunctionality. Nature, 536(7617), 456-459. doi:10.1038/nature19092.

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Soliveres, Santiago, Autor
van der Plas, Fons, Autor
Manning, Peter, Autor
Prati, Daniel, Autor
Gossner, Martin M., Autor
Renner, Swen C., Autor
Alt, Fabian, Autor
Arndt, Hartmut, Autor
Baumgartner, Vanessa, Autor
Binkenstein, Julia, Autor
Birkhofer, Klaus, Autor
Blaser, Stefan, Autor
Blüthgen, Nico, Autor
Boch, Steffen, Autor
Böhm, Stefan, Autor
Börschig, Carmen, Autor
Buscot, Francois, Autor
Diekötter, Tim, Autor
Heinze, Johannes, Autor
Hölzel, Norbert, Autor
Jung, Kirsten, AutorKlaus, Valentin H., AutorKleinebecker, Till, AutorKlemmer, Sandra, AutorKrauss, Jochen, AutorLange, Markus1, Autor           Morris, E. Kathryn, AutorMüller, Jörg, AutorOelmann, Yvonne, AutorOvermann, Jörg, AutorPašalić, Esther, AutorRillig, Matthias C., AutorSchaefer, H. Martin, AutorSchloter, Michael, AutorSchmitt, Barbara, AutorSchöning, Ingo2, Autor           Schrumpf, Marion3, 4, Autor           Sikorski, Johannes, AutorSocher, Stephanie A., AutorSolly, Emily5, 6, Autor           Sonnemann, Ilja, AutorSorkau, Elisabeth, AutorSteckel, Juliane, AutorSteffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, AutorStempfhuber, Barbara, AutorTschapka, Marco, AutorTürke, Manfred, AutorVenter, Paul C., AutorWeiner, Christiane N., AutorWeisser, Wolfgang W., AutorWerner, Michael, AutorWestphal, Catrin, AutorWilcke, Wolfgang, AutorWolters, Volkmar, AutorWubet, Tesfaye, AutorWurst, Susanne, AutorFischer, Markus, AutorAllan, Eric, Autor mehr..
Affiliations:
1Molecular Biogeochemistry Group, Dr. G. Gleixner, Department Biogeochemical Processes, Prof. S. E. Trumbore, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_1497775              
2Department Biogeochemical Processes, Prof. S. E. Trumbore, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_1497752              
3Soil and Ecosystem Processes, Dr. M. Schrumpf, Department Biogeochemical Processes, Prof. S. E. Trumbore, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_1497776              
4Soil Processes, Dr. Marion Schrumpf, Department Biogeochemical Integration, Dr. M. Reichstein, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_1938308              
5Department Biogeochemical Processes, Prof. S. E. Trumbore, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Society, 1497752              
6IMPRS International Max Planck Research School for Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Society, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745 Jena, DE, ou_1497757              

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 Zusammenfassung: Many experiments have shown that loss of biodiversity reduces the capacity of ecosystems to provide the multiple services on which humans depend1, 2. However, experiments necessarily simplify the complexity of natural ecosystems and will normally control for other important drivers of ecosystem functioning, such as the environment or land use. In addition, existing studies typically focus on the diversity of single trophic groups, neglecting the fact that biodiversity loss occurs across many taxa3, 4 and that the functional effects of any trophic group may depend on the abundance and diversity of others5, 6. Here we report analysis of the relationships between the species richness and abundance of nine trophic groups, including 4,600 above- and below-ground taxa, and 14 ecosystem services and functions and with their simultaneous provision (or multifunctionality) in 150 grasslands. We show that high species richness in multiple trophic groups (multitrophic richness) had stronger positive effects on ecosystem services than richness in any individual trophic group; this includes plant species richness, the most widely used measure of biodiversity. On average, three trophic groups influenced each ecosystem service, with each trophic group influencing at least one service. Multitrophic richness was particularly beneficial for ‘regulating’ and ‘cultural’ services, and for multifunctionality, whereas a change in the total abundance of species or biomass in multiple trophic groups (the multitrophic abundance) positively affected supporting services. Multitrophic richness and abundance drove ecosystem functioning as strongly as abiotic conditions and land-use intensity, extending previous experimental results7, 8 to real-world ecosystems. Primary producers, herbivorous insects and microbial decomposers seem to be particularly important drivers of ecosystem functioning, as shown by the strong and frequent positive associations of their richness or abundance with multiple ecosystem services. Our results show that multitrophic richness and abundance support ecosystem functioning, and demonstrate that a focus on single groups has led to researchers to greatly underestimate the functional importance of biodiversity.

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 Datum: 2016-07-072016-08-172016-08-25
 Publikationsstatus: Erschienen
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 Identifikatoren: Anderer: BGC2499
DOI: 10.1038/nature19092
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Titel: Nature
  Kurztitel : Nature
Genre der Quelle: Zeitschrift
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Ort, Verlag, Ausgabe: London : Nature Publishing Group
Seiten: - Band / Heft: 536 (7617) Artikelnummer: - Start- / Endseite: 456 - 459 Identifikator: ISSN: 0028-0836
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954925427238