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Abstract:
Plant functional traits affect the capacity of herbivores to find, choose, and
consume plants. However, in a community composed of different plant species, it is unclear
what proportion of herbivory on a focal plant is explained by its own traits and which is
explained by the characteristics of the surrounding vegetation (i.e., nonadditive effects).
Moreover, nonadditive effects could be positive or negative, and it is not known if they are
related to community properties such as diversity. To quantify nonadditive effects, we
developed four different additive models based on monoculture herbivory rates or plant traits
and combined them with measurements of standing invertebrate herbivore damage along an
experimental plant diversity gradient ranging from monocultures to 60-species mixtures.
In all four models, positive nonadditive effects were detected, i.e., herbivory levels were
higher in polycultures than what was expected from monoculture data, and these effects
contributed up to 25% of the observed variance in herbivory. Importantly, the nonadditive
effects, which were defined as the deviance of the models’ predictions from the observed
herbivory, were positively correlated with the communities’ plant species richness.
Consequently, interspecific interactions appear to have an important impact on the levels of
herbivory of a community. Identifying those community properties that capture the effects of
these interactions is a next important challenge for our understanding of how the environment interacts with plant traits to drive levels of herbivory.
