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  Microduplications upstream of MSX2 are associated with a phenocopy of cleidocranial dysplasia

Ott, C. E., Hein, H., Lohan, S., Hoogeboom, J., Foulds, N., Grunhagen, J., et al. (2012). Microduplications upstream of MSX2 are associated with a phenocopy of cleidocranial dysplasia. Journal of Medical Genetics (London), 49(7), 437-441. doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-100825.

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Ott, C. E.1, Author
Hein, H.2, 3, Author           
Lohan, S.1, 2, Author
Hoogeboom, J., Author
Foulds, N., Author
Grunhagen, J.1, Author
Stricker, S.1, 2, Author           
Villavicencio-Lorini, P.1, 2, Author           
Klopocki, E.1, 2, Author           
Mundlos, S.1, 2, 3, Author           
Affiliations:
1Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, ou_persistent22              
2Research Group Development & Disease (Head: Stefan Mundlos), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany, ou_1433557              
3Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany, ou_persistent22              

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Free keywords: Animals Cells, Cultured Chickens Child Child, Preschool Chromosome Duplication Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/genetics Cleidocranial Dysplasia/ genetics/metabolism Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/genetics/metabolism DNA Copy Number Variations Female Gene Expression Regulation Haploinsufficiency Heterozygote Homeodomain Proteins/ genetics/metabolism Humans Male Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis Phenotype Point Mutation Polymerase Chain Reaction Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Sequence Analysis, DNA
 Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder characterised by hypoplastic or absent clavicles, increased head circumference, large fontanels, dental anomalies and short stature. Although CCD is usually caused by mutations leading to haploinsufficiency of RUNX2, the underlying genetic cause remains unresolved in about 25% of cases. METHODS: Array comparative genomic hybridisation was performed to detect copy number variations (CNVs). Identified CNVs were characterised by quantitative PCR and sequencing analyses. The effect of candidate genes on mineralisation was evaluated using viral overexpression in chicken cells. RESULTS: In 2 out of 16 cases, the authors identified microduplications upstream of MSX2 on chromosome 5q35.2. One of the unrelated affected individuals presented with a phenocopy of CCD. In addition to a classical CCD phenotype, the other subject had a complex synpolydactyly of the hands and postaxial polydactyly of the feet which have so far never been reported in association with CCD or CNVs on 5q35.2. The duplications overlap in an approximately 219 kb region that contains several highly conserved non-coding elements which are likely to be involved in MSX2 gene regulation. Functional analyses demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of Msx2 overexpression on mineralisation cannot be ameliorated by forced Runx2 expression. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that CNVs in non-coding regions can cause developmental defects, and that the resulting phenotype can be distinct from those caused by point mutations within the corresponding gene. Taken together, these findings reveal an additional mechanism for the pathogenesis of CCD, particularly with regard to the regulation of MSX2.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2012-06-202012-07
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: -
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-100825
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Title: Journal of Medical Genetics (London)
  Other : J Med Genet
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: London : British Medical Association
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 49 (7) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 437 - 441 Identifier: ISSN: 0022-2593
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954925415940