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Zusammenfassung:
The relationship of different types of grassland use with plant species richness and composition (functional groups of
herbs, legumes, and grasses) has so far been studied at small regional scales or comprising only few components of land use.
We comprehensively studied the relationship between abandonment, fertilization, mowing intensity, and grazing by different
livestock types on plant diversity and composition of 1514 grassland sites in three regions in North-East, Central and South-
West Germany. We further considered environmental site conditions including soil type and topographical situation. Fertilized
grasslands showed clearly reduced plant species diversity (−15% plant species richness, −0.1 Shannon diversity on fertilized
grasslands plots of 16m2) and changed composition (−3% proportion of herb species), grazing had the second largest effects
and mowing the smallest ones. Among the grazed sites, the ones grazed by sheep had higher than average species richness
(+27%), and the cattle grazed ones lower (−42%). Further, these general results were strongly modulated by interactions between
the different components of land use and by regional context: land-use effects differed largely in size and sometimes even in
direction between regions. This highlights the importance of comparing different regions and to involve a large number of plots when studying relationships between land use and plant diversity. Overall, our results show that great caution is necessary when
extrapolating results and management recommendations to other regions.
