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  Heavy and light beer: A carbon isotope approach to detect C4 carbon in beers of different origins, styles, and prices

Brooks, J. R., Buchmann, N., Phillips, S., Ehleringer, B., Evans, R. D., Lott, M., et al. (2002). Heavy and light beer: A carbon isotope approach to detect C4 carbon in beers of different origins, styles, and prices. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(22), 6413-6418.

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BGC0447.pdf (Publisher version), 103KB
 
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Brooks, J. R., Author
Buchmann, N.1, Author           
Phillips, S., Author
Ehleringer, B., Author
Evans, R. D., Author
Lott, M., Author
Martinelli, L. A., Author
Pockman, W. T., Author
Sandquist, D., Author
Sparks, J. P., Author
Sperry, L., Author
Williams, D., Author
Ehleringer, J. R., Author
Affiliations:
1Research Group Biodiversity Ecosystem, Dr. N. Buchmann, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_1497759              

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Free keywords: carbon isotope ratio; delta C-13; beer; adjuncts; C-4; C-3 Soil organic-carbon; climate-change; photosynthesis; ratios; discrimination; delta-c-13; vegetation; ethanol; diet
 Abstract: The carbon isotope ratios (delta(13)C) of 160 beers from around the world ranged from -27.3 to -14.9%., primarily due to variation in the percentage of C-3 or C-4 plant carbon in the final product. Thirty-one percent of beers had a carbon signature of C-3 plants (barley, rice, etc.), whereas the remaining 69% contained some C-3-C-4 mixture (mean of mixtures, 39 +/- 11% C-4 carbon). Use Of C-4 carbon (corn, cane sugar, etc.) was not confined to beers from any particular region (Pacific Rim, Mexico, Brazil, Europe, Canada, and the United States). However, the delta(13)C of European beers indicated Mostly C-3 plant carbon. In contrast, U.S. and Canadian beers contained either only C-3 or C-3-C-4 mixtures; Brazilian, Mexican, and Pacific Rim beers were Mostly C-3-C-4 mixtures. Among different lagers, U.S.-style lagers generally contained more C-4 carbon than did imported pilsners. Among different ales, those brewed by large high-production breweries contained significant proportions Of C-4 carbon, while C-4 carbon was not detected in microbrewery or home-brew ales. Furthermore, inexpensive beers generally contained more C-4 carbon than expensive beers.

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 Dates: 2002
 Publication Status: Issued
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 Identifiers: Other: BGC0447
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Title: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Easton, Pa. : American Chemical Society, Books and Journals Division
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 50 (22) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 6413 - 6418 Identifier: CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954925410802
ISSN: 0021-8561