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  CpG deamination creates transcription factor-binding sites with high efficiency

Zemojtel, T., Kielbasa, S. M., Arndt, P. F., Behrens, S., Bourque, G., & Vingron, M. (2011). CpG deamination creates transcription factor-binding sites with high efficiency. Genome Biol Evol, 3, 1304-11. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=22016335 http://gbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/3/1304.full.pdf.

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Zemojtel, T.1, Author           
Kielbasa, S. M.1, Author           
Arndt, P. F.2, Author           
Behrens, S.1, Author           
Bourque, G., Author
Vingron, M.3, Author           
Affiliations:
1Dept. of Computational Molecular Biology (Head: Martin Vingron), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Society, ou_1433547              
2Evolutionary Genomics (Peter Arndt), Dept. of Computational Molecular Biology (Head: Martin Vingron), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Society, ou_1479638              
3Gene regulation (Martin Vingron), Dept. of Computational Molecular Biology (Head: Martin Vingron), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Society, ou_1479639              

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 Abstract: The formation of new transcription factor-binding sites (TFBSs) has a major impact on the evolution of gene regulatory networks. Clearly, single nucleotide mutations arising within genomic DNA can lead to the creation of TFBSs. Are molecular processes inducing single nucleotide mutations contributing equally to the creation of TFBSs? In the human genome, a spontaneous deamination of methylated cytosine in the context of CpG dinucleotides results in the creation of thymine (C --> T), and this mutation has the highest rate among all base substitutions. CpG deamination has been ascribed a role in silencing of transposons and induction of variation in regional methylation. We have previously shown that CpG deamination created thousands of p53-binding sites within genomic sequences of Alu transposons. Interestingly, we have defined a approximately 30 bp region in Alu sequence, which, depending on a pattern of CpG deamination, can be converted to functional p53-, PAX-6-, and Myc-binding sites. Here, we have studied single nucleotide mutational events leading to creation of TFBSs in promoters of human genes and in genomic regions bound by such key transcription factors as Oct4, NANOG, and c-Myc. We document that CpG deamination events can create TFBSs with much higher efficiency than other types of mutational events. Our findings add a new role to CpG methylation: We propose that deamination of methylated CpGs constitutes one of the evolutionary forces acting on mutational trajectories of TFBSs formation contributing to variability in gene regulation.

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 Dates: 2011
 Publication Status: Issued
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Title: Genome Biol Evol
Source Genre: Journal
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Pages: - Volume / Issue: 3 Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 1304 - 11 Identifier: ISSN: 1759-6653 (Electronic)