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  An unexpectedly low oscillator strength as the origin of the Fe XVII emission problem

Bernitt, S., Brown, G. V., Rudolph, J. K., Steinbrügge, R. F., Graf, A., Leutenegger, M., et al. (2012). An unexpectedly low oscillator strength as the origin of the Fe XVII emission problem. Nature, 492(7428), 225-228. doi:doi:10.1038/nature11627.

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Bernitt, Sven1, Author           
Brown, G. V.2, Author
Rudolph, Jan K.1, Author           
Steinbrügge, René Friedrich1, Author           
Graf, A.2, Author
Leutenegger, M.3, 4, Author
Epp, Sascha1, 5, Author           
Eberle, Sita1, Author           
Kubicek, K.1, Author           
Mäckel, Volkhard1, Author           
Simon, M. C.6, Author
Träbert, E.2, Author
Magee, E. W.2, Author
Beilmann, Christian1, Author           
Hell, N.2, 7, Author
Schippers, S.8, Author
Müller, A.8, Author
Kahn, S. M.9, Author
Surzhykov, A.10, 11, Author
Harman, Zoltan12, 13, Author           
Keitel, Christoph H.12, Author           Clementson, J.2, AuthorPorter, F. S.3, AuthorSchlotter, W.14, AuthorTurner, J. J.14, AuthorUllrich, Joachim H.1, Author           Beiersdorfer, P.2, AuthorCrespo López-Urrutia, José Ramón1, Author            more..
Affiliations:
1Division Prof. Dr. Joachim H. Ullrich, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society, ou_904547              
2Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA, ou_persistent22              
3NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA, ou_persistent22              
4Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA, ou_persistent22              
5Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22607 Hamburg, Germany, ou_persistent22              
6TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada, ou_persistent22              
7Dr.-Karl-Remeis-Sternwarte Bamberg and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany, ou_persistent22              
8Institut für Atom- und Molekülphysik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany, ou_persistent22              
9Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA, ou_persistent22              
10Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, ou_persistent22              
11GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany, ou_persistent22              
12Division Prof. Dr. Christoph H. Keitel, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society, ou_904546              
13ExtreMe Matter Institute (EMMI), 64291 Darmstadt, German, ou_persistent22              
14Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA, ou_persistent22              

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 Abstract: Highly charged iron (Fe16+, here referred to as Fe xvii) produces some of the brightest X-ray emission lines from hot astrophysical objects, including galaxy clusters and stellar coronae, and it dominates the emission of the Sun at wavelengths near 15 ångströms. The Fe xvii spectrum is, however, poorly fitted by even the best astrophysical models. A particular problem has been that the intensity of the strongest Fe xvii line is generally weaker than predicted. This has affected the interpretation of observations by the Chandra and XMM-Newton orbiting X-ray missions, fuelling a continuing controversy over whether this discrepancy is caused by incomplete modelling of the plasma environment in these objects or by shortcomings in the treatment of the underlying atomic physics. Here we report the results of an experiment in which a target of iron ions was induced to fluoresce by subjecting it to femtosecond X-ray pulses from a free-electron laser; our aim was to isolate a key aspect of the quantum mechanical description of the line emission. Surprisingly, we find a relative oscillator strength that is unexpectedly low, differing by 3.6σ from the best quantum mechanical calculations. Our measurements suggest that the poor agreement is rooted in the quality of the underlying atomic wavefunctions rather than in insufficient modelling of collisional processes

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 Dates: 2012-12-13
 Publication Status: Issued
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 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: doi:10.1038/nature11627
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Title: Nature
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: London : Nature Publishing Group
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 492 (7428) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 225 - 228 Identifier: ISSN: 0028-0836
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954925427238