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  Alloys in catalysis: phase separation and surface segregation phenomena in response to the reactive environment

Zafeiratos, S., Piccinin, S., & Teschner, D. (2012). Alloys in catalysis: phase separation and surface segregation phenomena in response to the reactive environment. Catalysis science & technology, 2(9), 1787-1801. doi:10.1039/C2CY00487A.

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 Creators:
Zafeiratos, Spiros1, Author           
Piccinin, Simone2, Author
Teschner, Detre3, Author           
Affiliations:
1Laboratoire LMSPC, UMR7515 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France, ou_persistent22              
2CNR-IOM, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy, ou_persistent22              
3Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Max Planck Society, ou_24023              

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Free keywords: electrical conductivity; heterogeneous catalysis; in situ spectroscopy; oxidation
 Abstract: Alloys play a crucial role in several heterogeneous catalytic processes, and their applications are expected to rise rapidly. This is essentially related to the vast number of configurations and type of surface sites that multi-component materials can afford. It is well established that the chemical composition at the surface of an alloy usually differs from that in the bulk. This phenomenon, referred to as surface segregation, is largely controlled by the surface free energy. However, surface energy alone cannot safely predict the active surface state of a solid catalyst, since the contribution of other parameters such as size and support effects, as well as influence of the adsorbates, play a major role. This can lead to numerous surface configurations as for example over the length of a catalytic reactor, as the chemical potential of the gas phase changes continuously over the catalyst bed and hence different reactions may prevail at different catalyst bed segments. Thanks to the rapid improvement of the analytical surface science characterization techniques and theoretical methodologies, the potential effects induced by alloyed catalysts are better understood. For catalysis, the relevance of measurements performed on well-defined surfaces under idealized ultrahigh vacuum conditions has been questioned and studies in environments that closely resemble conditions of working alloy catalysts are needed. In this review we focus on experimental and theoretical studies related to in situ (operando) observations of surface segregation and phase separation phenomena taking place on the outermost surface layers of alloy catalysts. The combination of first principles theoretical treatment and in situ observation opens up new perspectives of designing alloy catalysts with tailored properties.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2011-11-252012-01-232012-01-262012-09-01
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: 15
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1039/C2CY00487A
 Degree: -

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Title: Catalysis science & technology
  Other : Catalysis science and technology
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Cambridge : RSC
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 2 (9) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 1787 - 1801 Identifier: Other: 2044-4753
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/2044-4753