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  Brightening of the global cloud field by nitric acid and the associated radiative forcing

Makkonen, R., Romakkaniemi, S., Kokkola, H., Stier, P., Räisänen, P., Rast, S., et al. (2012). Brightening of the global cloud field by nitric acid and the associated radiative forcing. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 12, 7625-7633. doi:10.5194/acp-12-7625-2012.

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Makkonen, R., Author
Romakkaniemi, S., Author
Kokkola, H., Author
Stier, P., Author
Räisänen, P., Author
Rast, Sebastian1, Author           
Feichter, Johann2, Author           
Kulmala, M., Author
Laaksonen, A., Author
Affiliations:
1Middle and Upper Atmosphere, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society, ou_913574              
2Observations and Process Studies, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society, Bundesstraße 53, 20146 Hamburg, DE, ou_913575              

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 Abstract: Clouds cool Earth's climate by reflecting 20% of the incoming solar energy, while also trapping part of the outgoing radiation. The effect of human activities on clouds is poorly understood, but the present-day anthropogenic cooling via changes of cloud albedo and lifetime could be of the same order as warming from anthropogenic addition in CO2. Soluble trace gases can increase water condensation to particles, possibly leading to activation of smaller aerosols and more numerous cloud droplets. We have studied the effect of nitric acid on the aerosol indirect effect with the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM5.5-HAM2. Including the nitric acid effect in the model increases cloud droplet number concentrations globally by 7%. The nitric acid contribution to the present-day cloud albedo effect was found to be −0.32 W m−2 and to the total indirect effect −0.46 W m−2. The contribution to the cloud albedo effect is shown to increase to −0.37 W m−2 by the year 2100, if considering only the reductions in available cloud condensation nuclei. Overall, the effect of nitric acid can play a large part in aerosol cooling during the following decades with decreasing SO2 emissions and increasing NOx and greenhouse gases.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2012-082012-08
 Publication Status: Issued
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 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.5194/acp-12-7625-2012
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Title: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany : European Geosciences Union
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 12 Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 7625 - 7633 Identifier: ISSN: 1680-7316
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/111030403014016