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  Impact of violacein-producing bacteria on survival and feeding of bacterivorous nanoflagellates

Matz, C., Deines, P., Boenigk, J., Arndt, H., Eberl, L., Kjelleberg, S., et al. (2004). Impact of violacein-producing bacteria on survival and feeding of bacterivorous nanoflagellates. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70(3), 1593-1599. doi:10.1128/AEM.70.3.1593-1599.2004.

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 Creators:
Matz, Carsten1, Author           
Deines, Peter1, Author           
Boenigk, Jens, Author
Arndt, Hartmut1, Author           
Eberl, Leo, Author
Kjelleberg, Staffan, Author
Jürgens, Klaus1, Author           
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1Department Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Limnology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Society, ou_976547              

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 Abstract: We studied the role of bacterial secondary metabolites in the context of grazing protection against protozoans. A model system was used to examine the impact of violacein-producing bacteria on feeding rates, growth, and survival of three common bacterivorous nanoflagellates. Freshwater isolates of Janthinobacterium lividum and Chromobacterium violaceum produced the purple pigment violacein and exhibited acute toxicity to the nanoflagellates tested. High-resolution video microscopy revealed that these bacteria were ingested by the flagellates at high rates. The uptake of less than three bacteria resulted in rapid flagellate cell death after about 20 min and cell lysis within 1 to 2 h. In selectivity experiments with nontoxic Pseudomonas putida MM1, flagellates did not discriminate against pigmented strains. Purified violacein from cell extracts of C violaceum showed high toxicity to nanoflagellates. In addition, antiprotozoal activity was found to positively correlate with the violacein content of the bacterial strains. Pigment synthesis in C violaceum is regulated by an N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL)-dependent quorum-sensing system. An AHL-deficient, nonpigmented mutant provided high flagellate growth rates, while the addition of the natural C violaceum AHL could restore toxicity. Moreover, it was shown that the presence of violacein-producing bacteria in an otherwise nontoxic bacterial diet considerably inhibited flagellate population growth. Our results suggest that violacein-producing bacteria possess a highly effective survival mechanism which may exemplify the potential of some bacterial secondary metabolites to undermine protozoan grazing pressure and population dynamics.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2004-03
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: -
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 Rev. Type: -
 Identifiers: eDoc: 176032
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.3.1593-1599.2004
Other: 2302/S 38177
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Title: Applied and Environmental Microbiology
  Alternative Title : Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
Source Genre: Journal
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Pages: - Volume / Issue: 70 (3) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 1593 - 1599 Identifier: ISSN: 0099-2240