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Language(s):
eng - English
Dates:
2007
Publication Status:
Issued
Pages:
IX, 324 p.
Publishing info:
Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2nd ed.
Table of Contents:
Contents
List of Abbreviations	ix
1 Ecology and evolution	1
1.1 Natural selection	1
1.2 Fitness	1
1.3 Proximate and ultimate factors	3
2 Methods of ecological research	5
2.1 Hypothesis testing	5
2.2 Observations and recording	6
2.3 Correlation of field data	7
2.4 Laboratory and field experiments	8
2.5 Mathematical models	10
2.6 Methods driving the direction of science	10
3 Special features of aquatic habitats	12
3.1 Effects of the molecular structure of water	12
3.2 Vertical gradients	19
3.3 Other vertical gradients	23
3.4 Running water	28
3.5 Predictability of environmental conditions in water	31
Review questions	32
4 The individual in its habitat	33
4.1 Individual requirements	33
4.2 Abiotic factors	36
4.3 Resources	50
4.4 Energy utilization	79
4.5 The importance of body size	85
Review questions	87
5 Populations	89
5.1 Features of populations	89
5.2 Control of population size	90
5.3 Ecological genetics	102
5.4 Demography	114
5.5 Distribution	117
5.6 r and K strategies	120
5.7 Classification of life-history strategies	121
5.8 Dispersal and colonization	121
Review questions	125
6 Interactions	127
6.1 Competition for resources	127
6.2 Direct interactions of competitors	144
6.3 Predator-prey relationships	147
6.4 Grazing	152
6.5 Predation	162
6.6 Parasitism	180
6.7 Symbiosis	183
6.8 Interactions of competition and predation	183
Review questions	199
7 Communities	201
7.1 Characteristics of communities	201
7.2 "Superorganism" or "sieve"	201
7.3 Internal structure of communities	202
7.4 Species richness and diversity	219
7.5 Lake communities	222
7.6 Stream communities	225
Review questions	232
8 Ecosystem perspectives	234
8.1 The ecosystem as an ecological unit	234
8.2 Flow of energy	235
8.3 Cycling of matter	238
8.4 Are streams ecosystems?	247
8.5 Comparisons of ecosystem productivity	248
8.6 Anthropogenic disturbances to ecosystems	252
8.7 Ecosystem change	262
8.8 Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functions	277
Review questions	282
9 Final remarks	284
9.1 Ecology and the biological sciences	284
9.2 Ecology and society	284
9.3 Ecology and the environment	285
References	286
Glossary	306
Index	000
Rev. Type:
-
Identifiers:
eDoc: 337659
ISBN: 978-0-19-921392-4
Other: Leh 55/11762
Degree:
-
