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要旨:
During everyday life the brain is continuously integrating multiple perceptual cues in order to allow us to make decisions and to guide our actions. In this study we have used a simulated (virtual reality -- VR) visual environment to investigate how cues to speed judgments are integrated. There are two sources that could be used to provide signals for velocity-constancy, temporal-frequency, or distance cues. However, evidence from most psychophysical studies favour temporal-frequency cues. Here we report that two depth cues that provide a relative object - object distance, disparity, and motion parallax, can provide a significant input to velocity-constancy judgments, particularly when combined. This result indicates that the second mechanism can also play a significant role in generating velocity constancy. Furthermore, we show that cognitive factors such as familiar size can influence the perception of object speed. The results suggest that both low-level cues to spatiotemporal structure and depth, and high-level cues, such as object familiarity, are integrated by the brain during velocity estimation in real-world viewing.
