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要旨:
Congenital prosopagnosia, an innate impairment in recognizing faces, as well as the other-race-effect, the disadvantage in recognizing faces of foreign races, both influence face recognition abilities.
Here we compared both phenomena by testing three groups: German congenital prosopagnosics (cPs), unimpaired German and unimpaired South Korean participants (n=23 per group), on three tests with Caucasian faces.
First we ran the Cambridge Face Memory Test (Duchaine Nakayama, 2006 Neuropsychologia 44 576-585). Participants had to recognize Caucasian target faces in a 3AFC task. German controls performed better than Koreans (p=0.009) who performed better than prosopagnosics (p=0.0001). Variation of the individual performances was larger for cPs than for Koreans (p = 0.028).
In the second experiment, participants rated the similarity of Caucasian faces (in-house 3D face-database) which differed parametrically in features or second order relations (configuration). We found differences between sensitivities to change type (featural or configural, p=0) and between groups (p=0.005) and an interaction between both factors (p = 0.019).
During the third experiment, participants had to learn exemplars of artificial objects (greebles), natural objects (shells), and faces and recognize them among distractors. The results showed an interaction (p = 0.005) between stimulus type and participant group: cPs where better for non-face stimuli and worse for face stimuli than the other groups.
Our results suggest that congenital prosopagnosia and the other-race-effect affect face perception in different ways. The broad range in performance for the cPs directs the focus of our future research towards looking for different forms of congenital prosopagnosia.
