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  Beyond the language given: The neural correlates of inferring speaker meaning

Basnakova, J., Weber, K., Petersson, K. M., Van Berkum, J. J. A., & Hagoort, P. (2014). Beyond the language given: The neural correlates of inferring speaker meaning. Cerebral Cortex, 24(10), 2572-2578. doi:10.1093/cercor/bht112.

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Cereb. Cortex-2014-Ba_náková-2572-8.pdf (Publisher version), 225KB
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Cereb. Cortex-2014-Ba_náková-2572-8.pdf
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2013
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The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press
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 Creators:
Basnakova, Jana1, 2, Author           
Weber, Kirsten3, Author           
Petersson, Karl Magnus1, 3, Author           
Van Berkum, Jos J. A.1, 4, Author           
Hagoort, Peter1, 3, Author           
Affiliations:
1Neurobiology of Language Department, MPI for Psycholinguistics, Max Planck Society, Nijmegen, NL, ou_792551              
2nstitute of Experimental Psychology, SAS, Bratislava,Slovakia, ou_persistent22              
3Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, External Organizations, ou_55236              
4Utrecht Institute for Linguistics OTS, Utrecht, The Netherlands , ou_persistent22              

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 Abstract: Even though language allows us to say exactly what we mean, we often use language to say things indirectly, in a way that depends on the specific communicative context. For example, we can use an apparently straightforward sentence like "It is hard to give a good presentation" to convey deeper meanings, like "Your talk was a mess!" One of the big puzzles in language science is how listeners work out what speakers really mean, which is a skill absolutely central to communication. However, most neuroimaging studies of language comprehension have focused on the arguably much simpler, context-independent process of understanding direct utterances. To examine the neural systems involved in getting at contextually constrained indirect meaning, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging as people listened to indirect replies in spoken dialog. Relative to direct control utterances, indirect replies engaged dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, right temporo-parietal junction and insula, as well as bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and right medial temporal gyrus. This suggests that listeners take the speaker's perspective on both cognitive (theory of mind) and affective (empathy-like) levels. In line with classic pragmatic theories, our results also indicate that currently popular "simulationist" accounts of language comprehension fail to explain how listeners understand the speaker's intended message.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 201320132014
 Publication Status: Issued
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 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: PMID: 23645715
DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht112
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Title: Cerebral Cortex
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: New York, NY : Oxford University Press
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 24 (10) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 2572 - 2578 Identifier: ISSN: 1047-3211
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954925592440